Table 2.
Antifungal resistance patterns of Candida species
| Antifungal agents | Number of studies | Number of isolates | Sensitive | Susceptible dose-dependent | Resistant |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C. albicans | |||||
| Fluconazole | 24 | 1775 | 1329(74.9) | 97(5.4) | 349(19.7) |
| Itraconazole | 14 | 1187 | 849(71.5) | 113(9.5) | 225(19.0) |
| Amphotericin B | 13 | 931 | 888(95.4) | 12(1.3) | 31(3.3) |
| Ketoconazole | 10 | 691 | 521(75.4) | 59(8.5) | 111(16.1) |
| 5-Flucytosine | 5 | 453 | 383(84.5) | 1(0.2) | 69(15.2) |
| Nystatin | 7 | 388 | 367(94.6) | 3(0.8) | 18(4.6) |
| Clotrimazole | 5 | 215 | 167(77.7) | 16(7.4) | 32(14.9) |
| Caspofungin | 4 | 351 | 339(96.6) | 12(3.4) | 0(0.0) |
| Miconazole | 3 | 381 | 348(91.3) | 4(1.0) | 29(7.6) |
| Voriconazole | 5 | 391 | 266(68.0) | 9(2.3) | 116(29.7) |
| C. glabrata | |||||
| Fluconazole | 16 | 225 | 110(48.9) | 49(21.8) | 66(29.3) |
| Itraconazole | 11 | 165 | 66(40.0) | 48(29.1) | 51(30.9) |
| Amphotericin B | 9 | 154 | 135(87.7) | 4(2.6) | 15(9.7) |
| Ketoconazole | 8 | 102 | 44(43.1) | 20(19.6) | 38(37.3) |
| 5-Flucytosine | 3 | 50 | 49(98.0) | 0(0.0) | 1(2.0) |
| Nystatin | 4 | 77 | 60(77.9) | 4(5.2) | 13(16.9) |
| Clotrimazole | 2 | 41 | 19(46.3) | 4(9.8) | 18(43.9) |
| Caspofungin | 4 | 94 | 78(82.9) | 15(16.0) | 1(1.1) |
| Miconazole | 3 | 72 | 37(51.4) | 10(13.9) | 25(34.7) |
| Voriconazole | 4 | 61 | 55(90.2) | 0(0.0) | 6(9.8) |
| C. dubliniensis | |||||
| Fluconazole | 9 | 87 | 69(79.3) | 7(8.1) | 11(12.6) |
| Itraconazole | 6 | 59 | 40(67.8) | 14(23.7) | 5(8.5) |
| Amphotericin B | 6 | 63 | 60(95.2) | 0(0.0) | 3(4.8) |
| Ketoconazole | 1 | 22 | 12(54.5) | 6(27.3) | 4(18.2) |
| 5-Flucytosine | 3 | 25 | 24(96.0) | 0(0.0) | 1(4.0) |
| Nystatin | 1 | 2 | 2(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |
| Caspofungin | 2 | 36 | 36(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |
| Miconazole | 1 | 2 | 2(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |
| Voriconazole | 4 | 38 | 35(92.1) | 2(5.3) | 1(2.6) |
| C. tropicalis | |||||
| Fluconazole | 17 | 180 | 119(66.1) | 13(7.2) | 48(26.7) |
| Itraconazole | 12 | 125 | 80(64.0) | 18(14.4) | 27(21.6) |
| Amphotericin B | 9 | 100 | 91(91.0) | 3(3.0) | 6(6.0) |
| Ketoconazole | 7 | 79 | 41(51.9) | 8(10.1) | 30(38.0) |
| 5-Flucytosine | 4 | 47 | 43(91.5) | 0(0.0) | 4(8.5) |
| Nystatin | 3 | 33 | 26(78.8) | 1(3.0) | 6(18.2) |
| Clotrimazole | 1 | 12 | 7(58.3) | 2(16.7) | 3(25.0) |
| Caspofungin | 3 | 24 | 22(91.7) | 2(8.3) | 0(0.0) |
| Miconazole | 3 | 22 | 11(50.0) | 1(4.5) | 10(45.5) |
| Voriconazole | 5 | 75 | 56(74.7) | 3(4.0) | 16(21.3) |
| C. krusei | |||||
| Fluconazole | 15 | 90 | 27(30.0) | 8(8.9) | 55(61.1) |
| Itraconazole | 11 | 64 | 26(40.6) | 10(15.6) | 28(43.8) |
| Amphotericin B | 7 | 41 | 27(65.9) | 5(12.2) | 9(21.9) |
| Ketoconazole | 7 | 57 | 27(47.4) | 7(12.2) | 23(40.4) |
| 5-Flucytosine | 2 | 11 | 6(54.5) | 2(18.2) | 3(27.3) |
| Nystatin | 4 | 34 | 23(67.6) | 6(17.6) | 5 (14.8) |
| Clotrimazole | 2 | 9 | 4(44.4) | 4(44.4) | 1(11.2) |
| Caspofungin | 2 | 6 | 6(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |
| Miconazole | 3 | 27 | 19(70.4) | 1(3.7) | 7(25.9) |
| Voriconazole | 3 | 18 | 14(77.8) | 0(0.0) | 4(22.2) |
| C. parapsilosis | |||||
| Fluconazole | 12 | 68 | 44(64.7) | 3(4.4) | 21(30.9) |
| Itraconazole | 7 | 48 | 35(72.9) | 0(0.0) | 13(27.1) |
| Amphotericin B | 6 | 42 | 41(97.6) | 1(2.4) | 0(0.0) |
| Ketoconazole | 5 | 31 | 22(71.0) | 0(0.0) | 9(29.0) |
| 5-Flucytosine | 2 | 29 | 27(93.1) | 0(0.0) | 2(6.9) |
| Nystatin | 2 | 6 | 6(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |
| Caspofungin | 1 | 2 | 2(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |
| Miconazole | 2 | 6 | 5(83.3) | 0(0.0) | 1(16.7) |
| Voriconazole | 3 | 36 | 27(75.0) | 1(2.8) | 8(22.2) |
| C. kefyr | |||||
| Fluconazole | 6 | 27 | 21(77.8) | 0(0.0) | 6(22.2) |
| Itraconazole | 4 | 22 | 12(54.5) | 3(13.7) | 7(31.8) |
| Amphotericin B | 3 | 12 | 11(91.7) | 0(0.0) | 1(8.3) |
| Ketoconazole | 1 | 10 | 6(60.0) | 0(0.0) | 4(40.0) |
| Nystatin | 1 | 1 | 1(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |
| Caspofungin | 2 | 11 | 11(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |
| Miconazole | 1 | 1 | 1(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |
| Voriconazole | 3 | 18 | 12(66.7) | 0(0.0) | 6(33.3) |
| C. gulliniermondii | |||||
| Fluconazole | 4 | 36 | 22(61.1) | 1(2.8) | 13(36.1) |
| Itraconazole | 2 | 33 | 17(51.5) | 0(0.0) | 16(48.5) |
| Amphotericin B | 1 | 11 | 11(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |
| Ketoconazole | 2 | 24 | 14(58.3) | 1(4.2) | 9(37.5) |
| 5-Flucytosine | 1 | 11 | 11(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |
| Voriconazole | 2 | 33 | 23(69.7) | 0(0.0) | 10(30.3) |
| C. famata | |||||
| Fluconazole | 4 | 17 | 11(64.8) | 3(17.6) | 3(17.6) |
| Itraconazole | 3 | 14 | 5(35.7) | 4(28.6) | 5(35.7) |
| Amphotericin B | 2 | 11 | 9(81.8) | 0(0.0) | 2(18.2) |
| Ketoconazole | 2 | 7 | 1(14.2) | 3(42.9) | 3(42.9) |
| 5-Flucytosine | 1 | 4 | 4(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |
| Caspofungin | 1 | 7 | 7(100.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) |
| Voriconazole | 1 | 3 | 2(66.7) | 0(0.0) | 1(33.3) |
Values are expressed as frequency (%)