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. 2024 Jun 1;43:156. doi: 10.1186/s13046-024-03083-y

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© The Author(s) 2024, corrected publication 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — ILK promotes the CSC phenotype and correlates with poor PFS and metastasis in OC patients. A PFS curves for ILK mRNA expression in HGSOC patients generated using the KM plotter (HR = 1.63 and P = 7.3e-05). B OS curves for ILK mRNA expression in HGSOC patients generated using the KM plotter (HR = 1.47 and P = 0.004). C TNMplot showing a significant increase of ILK expression in metastatic samples compared to primary tumor (P = 2.53e-03). D Correlation between ALDH1A1 and ILK mRNA expression levels (Spearman r = 0.18, P = 8.48e-03, Q = 0.0192) in the OC TCGA datasets obtained from cBioPortal. E ALDH1A1 and ILK mRNA expression levels show a tendency toward co-occurrence (Log2 odds ratio = 1.679, P = 0.04, Q = 0.04) in the OC TCGA datasets obtained from cBioPortal. F PFS curves for ALDH1A1 and ILK mRNA expression in HGSOC patients generated using the KM plotter (HR = 1.52 and P = 0.0014). G OS curves for ALDH1A1 and ILK mRNA expression in HGSOC patients generated using the KM plotter (HR = 1.42 and P = 0.018). H WB for p-ILK^Ser246, ILK, ALDH1A1, and GAPDH in OVCAR-3, COV362, and HEY-A8 monolayers (m) vs. spheroids (s) (left panel). Densitometry quantifies ALDH1A1 and p-ILK^Ser246/ILK ratio (right panel) (N = 3; ****P < 0.0001). I WB for p-ILK^Ser246, ILK, ALDH1A1, and GAPDH in UHB-1912–02, UHB-2012–06, and UHB-2101–09 primary OC cells grown as spheroids vs. monolayers (m) (left panel). Densitometry quantifies ALDH1A1 and p-ILK^Ser246/ILK ratio (right panel) (N = 3; **P < 0.01 and ****P < 0.0001). J ILK mRNA levels measured by qRT-PCR in ALDH⁺/CD133⁺ vs ALDH⁻/CD133⁻ isolated from UHB-2012–06 primary human OC cells, HEY-A8, and OVCAR-3 cells (N = 3; **P < 0.01). K P-ILK^Ser246 expression levels detected by IHC in human serous ovarian tumors, metastatic, and normal ovarian epithelium included on a TMA (left). Representative images are shown. Scale bar, 200 µm and 500 µm. Quantification of p-ILK^Ser246 protein levels by intensity with H-score in OC TMA analysis (right). Error bars show mean (± STD) (N = 3; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001)