Fig. 5. Early-stage, non-lipidated apoE-Aβ co-aggregates inflame glial cells in an isoform-dependent way.

A Aggregate-induced cytokine and chemokine secretion by iMGLs and iAstrocytes. B–I MCP-1, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α release by iMGLs (B–E) and iAstrocytes (F–I) induced by early-stage (t₁) and fibrillar (t₃) aggregates. Each data point represents one of three biological replicates; error bars represent mean values +/− standard deviation. Statistical significance was calculated using a unpaired two-sample t-test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ns, non-significant (P ≥ 0.05). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.