Fig. 1. Obesity alters 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) levels of mitochondria-associated genes in human adipose tissue MSCs.

A Volcano plot of mitochondria-related genes with significant changes in 5hmC levels between Non-obese- and Obese-MSCs (n = 5 each). The y-axis corresponds to −log₂ (p value), whereas the x-axis displays the log₂ fold-change (Obese-MSCs/Non-obese-MSCs) value. Hyper-hydroxymethylated (n = 99; 89 genes) and hypo-hydroxymethylated (n = 150; 134 genes) peaks are indicated with red and blue dots, respectively. Cutoff values of p ≤ 0.05 and log₂ fold-changes ≥0.5 or ≤−0.5 are indicated by gray dashed lines. B Genomic location annotations of hyper- and hypo-hydroxymethylated peaks. C Distribution across the gene body relative to the transcription start site (TSS).