Table 1.
List of mRNA cancer vaccines in clinical trial
| Cancer type | Target antigen | Combination therapy | Nanoparticle type | Route of administration | Trial Phase | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast | Shared tumor antigens and patient-specific mutated neoantigens | Surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy | Size & charge based RNA-lipoplex | IV | I | NCT02316457 23 |
| Alphaviral vector encoding portion of HER2 (VRP-HER2) | Pembrolizumab (anti PD-1) | IV | II | NCT03632941 24 | ||
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| Melanoma | Melan-A Mage A1 Mage A3 Survivin GP100 Tyrosinase |
N/A | Protamine complexed mRNA | ID | II | NCT00204607 25 |
| 4 TAAs - RBL001.1, RBL002.2, RBL003.1, and RBL004 (Lipo-MERIT) |
N/A | Liposome complexed mRNA | IV | I | NCT02410733 26 | |
| Personalized vaccine targeting 20 TAAs (mRNA −4157) | N/A | Lipid encapsulated mRNA | IM | II | NCT03897881 27 | |
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| Prostate | TAAs (CV9103) - PSA - prostate stem cell antigen - PSMA - 6-transmembrane epithelial antigen of prostate 1 (STEAP1) |
N/A | Protamine complexed mRNA | ID | 2008–003967-3728 | |
|
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| Non-small cell lung cancer | TAAs (CV9201) - 5 formulated mRNAs |
N/A | RNActive® technology | ID | II | NCT00923312 29 |
| TAAs (CV9202) - 6 formulated mRNAs |
anti-PDL1 (durvalumab), or with anti-PDL1 andanti-CTLA-4 (durvalumab + tremelimumab) | RNActive® technology | ID, IV | II | NCT03164772 30 | |
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| Digestive tract adeno-carcinoma | Personalized Tumor neoantigen | N/A | N/A | SC | N/A | NCT03468244 31 |
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| Colorectal | Tumor Antigen (BNT 122) | N/A | Size & charged based RNA lipoplex | IV | II | NCT04486378 32 |
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| Advanced malignancies | OX40 ligand (mRNA-2416) | Alone, Or with anti-PDL1 (durvalumab) | LNP | IT | II | NCT03323398 33 |
| OX40L, IL-23, IL36γ (mRNA-2752) | Alone, Or with anti-PDL1 (durvalumab) | LNP | IT, IV | I | NCT03739931 34 | |