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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 3.

Published in final edited form as: Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2024 Jun 3;31(8):1048–1054. doi: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae049

Table 3.

Weighted multi-variable associations of baseline small dense LDL cholesterol quartiles and the presence of coronary artery calcium among 4672 middle-aged and older adults, stratified by age group

	Odds ratio (95% CI) per quartile of sd-LDL-C
	45–54 years	55–64 years	65–74 years	75–84 years	Interaction P
	n = 1400	n = 1266	n = 1332	n = 674	Interaction P
Model 3^a					0.011
Quartile 1	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Quartile 2	1.03 (0.66, 1.59)	1.11 (0.77, 1.61)	1.56 (1.11, 2.19)	2.61 (1.46, 4.65)
Quartile 3	1.83 (1.18, 2.83)	1.42 (0.97, 2.08)	1.89 (1.30, 2.72)	2.53 (1.38, 4.63)
Quartile 4	2.19 (1.33, 3.61)	1.58 (1.03, 2.41)	2.13 (1.38, 3.29)	2.58 (1.19, 5.57)
Model 4a^b					0.010
Quartile 1	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Quartile 2	0.89 (0.55, 1.43)	1.02 (0.69, 1.50)	1.37 (0.95, 1.97)	2.67 (1.42, 5.02)
Quartile 3	1.46 (0.87, 2.44)	1.22 (0.80, 1.86)	1.52 (0.98, 2.33)	2.61 (1.26, 5.39)
Quartile 4	1.54 (0.80, 2.98)	1.22 (0.72, 2.07)	1.56 (0.91, 2.67)	2.71 (1.02, 7.21)

CI, confidence interval; HDL-C, HDL cholesterol; LDL-C, LDL cholesterol; sd-LDL-C, small dense LDL cholesterol.

^a

Model 3 adjusted for field centre, sex, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, hypertension, diabetes, smoking status (never, former, or current), body mass index, plasma triglycerides (log-transformed), and HDL-C.

^b

Model 4a adjusted for Model 3 covariates and estimated total LDL-C according to the Friedewald equation.