Fig. 5.

Differences in T-cell characteristics and TCRs across the four treatment groups. a UAMP plots of T-cell subclusters. b Bar charts showing the proportions of T-cell subclusters. c Heatmap illustrating the differentially active Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA)-enriched pathways associated with T-cells. d Box line plots of differential CD69 and GZMB expression in T-cells. e The D50 index, indicating TCR diversity, was analyzed and compared across the four treatment groups. f Chord plot illustrating the frequency of distinct V-J gene pairings in the combination treatment group. The V-J gene pairing frequencies in the other three treatment groups are shown in Supplementary Fig. 10c–e. g Graphical representation of clone frequency distribution based on the nucleotide CDR3 sequence rank (such as 1:10, 11:100, 101:1000, etc.). Each column represents the frequency distribution of T-cell clones within an individual tumor sample. The groups A-D correspond to the vehicle group, αPD-L1-treated group, ¹⁷⁷Lu-LNC1004-treated group, and the combination therapy group with αPD-L1 and ¹⁷⁷Lu-LNC1004, respectively. h Heatmap showing the overlap of immune repertoire clone types between the four treatment groups, as measured by the Jaccard index. The groups A–D correspond to the vehicle group, αPD-L1-treated group, ¹⁷⁷Lu-LNC1004-treated group, and the combination therapy group with αPD-L1 and ¹⁷⁷Lu-LNC1004, respectively. i Sequence logo diagrams present the CDR3 amino acid composition of the notably expanded TCR clonal family in the vehicle (upper) and combination treatment (lower) groups. These sequence logo diagrams for the αPD-L1-treated group and the ¹⁷⁷Lu-LNC1004-treated group are shown in Supplementary Fig. 10f