Fig 2.

Identifying the medial collateral ligament (MCL) origin: An intraoperative image of a right knee is shown in (A), with the orientation as labeled in the figure. The medial epicondyle is palpated, and the MCL origin is identified approximately 3.2 mm proximal and 4.8 mm posterior to the medial epicondyle. An intraoperative lateral fluoroscopic image of a right knee is shown in (B), and fluoroscopy is used to confirm the MCL origin (white asterisk), and a Beath pin is drilled into the MCL femoral origin (A), with care taken to aim proximally to avoid the prosthesis.