Table 3. Grade 0-1 (no PDL) versus grade 2-3 (PDL) at late follow-up.
| Variable | No PDL, G0-G1 (n=21) | PDL, G2-G3 (n=31) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at LAAO, years | 70.4±8.4 | 71.0±6.0 | 0.77 |
| Female | 7 (33) | 9 (29) | 0.74 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.0±4.5 | 25.9±3.9 | 0.36 |
| Type of AF | 0.14 | ||
| Paroxysmal | 9 (43) | 13 (42) | |
| Persistent | 4 (19) | 1 (3) | |
| Permanent | 8 (38) | 17 (55) | |
| LAA morphology | 0.71 | ||
| Chicken-wing | 10 (47.6) | 14 (45.2) | |
| Cactus | 4 (19.0) | 10 (32.2) | |
| Windsock | 6 (28.6) | 6 (19.4) | |
| Cauliflower | 1 (4.8) | 1 (3.2) | |
| Orifice shape | 0.53 | ||
| Oval | 17 (81) | 25 (81) | |
| Triangular | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Foot-like | 2 (10) | 5 (16) | |
| Water drop | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Round | 2 (10) | 1 (3) | |
| Maximum orifice diameter, mm | 28.5±7.1 | 32.4±4.8 | 0.011 |
| Landing zone area, mm2 | 283±96 | 391±152 | 0.005 |
| Size of implanted device, mm | 25 [20; 25] | 25 [22; 28] | 0.076 |
| Implantation technique | 0.99 | ||
| Traditional implantation | 12 (57) | 17 (55) | |
| Sandwich technique | 2 (10) | 3 (10) | |
| Semi-sandwich technique | 7 (33) | 11 (35) | |
| Device lobe position at the LZ | 0.001 | ||
| Perpendicular | 15 (71) | 8 (26) | |
| Off-axis | 6 (29) | 23 (74) | |
| Device compression, % | 5 [4; 10] | 3 [0; 6] | 0.019 |
| Left atrial volume, mL | 134 [95; 186] | 151 [118; 199] | 0.28 |
| Thromboembolic events | 0.053 | ||
| Ischaemic stroke | 2 (10) | 1 (3) | |
| TIA | 3 (14) | 0 (0) | |
| Systemic emboli | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Values are presented as mean±SD, n (%) or median [IQR]. AF: atrial fibrillation; BMI: body mass index; G: grade; IQR: interquartile range; LAA: left atrial appendage; LAAO: left atrial appendage occlusion; LZ: landing zone; PDL: peridevice leak; SD: standard deviation; TIA: transient ischaemic attack | |||