. 2024 May 16;8:100771. doi: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100771

Table 2.

Physicochemical properties of multilayer emulsion grape seed oil during storage at 25 $°C$ and 4 $°C$ .

Storage time(day)	emulsions	Particle size(μm)	Span(μm)	Viscosity (mPa·s)	turbidity	Refractive index
0	Primary emulsion(25 $°C$ )	2.04 $\pm$ 0.011^Ec	1.984 ± 0.9^Cc	332.13 $\pm$ 0.581^Ec	0.955 $\pm$ 0.001^Ea	1.643 $\pm$ 0.000^Dc
	Primary emulsion(4 $°C$ )	2.04 $\pm$ 0.011^Ec	1.984 ± 0.9^Ac	332.13 $\pm$ 0.581^Dc	0.955 $\pm$ 0.001^Ea	1.643 $\pm$ 0.000^Cc
	secondary emulsion(25 $°C$ )	2.29 $\pm$ 0.011^Eb	2.047 ± 1.2^Cb	525.63 $\pm$ 0.218^Ca	0.905 $\pm$ 0.001^Eb	1.645 $\pm$ 0.001^Cb
	secondary emulsion(4 $°C$ )	2.29 $\pm$ 0.011^Eb	2.047 ± 1.2^Ab	525.63 $\pm$ 0.218^Ca	0.905 $\pm$ 0.001^Eb	1.645 $\pm$ 0.001^Bb
	Tertiary Emulsion(25 $°C$ )	8.89 $\pm$ 0.011^Ea	2.615 ± 0.7^Aa	426.46 $\pm$ 0.011^Db	0.678 $\pm$ 0.001^Ec	1.647 $\pm$ 0.000^Da
	Tertiary Emulsion(4 $°C$ )	8.89 $\pm$ 0.011^Ea	2.615 ± 0.7^Aa	426.46 $\pm$ 0.32^Db	0.678 $\pm$ 0.001^Ec	1.647 $\pm$ 0.000^Ca
7	Primary emulsion(25 $°C$ )	5.72 $\pm$ 0.011^Dc	2.579 ± 0.13^Aa	431.66 $\pm$ 0.88^Dc	0.998 $\pm$ 0.000^Da	1.648 $\pm$ 0.000^Cc
	Primary emulsion(4 $°C$ )	9.22 $\pm$ 0.011^Da	1.742 ± 0.9^Bc	523.4 $\pm$ 0.305^Cc	0.993 $\pm$ 0.000^Db	1.647 $\pm$ 0.000^Bc
	secondary emulsion(25 $°C$ )	9.52 $\pm$ 0.011^Db	2.276 ± 1.2^Bc	526.4 $\pm$ 0.240^Ca	0.968 $\pm$ 0.000^Db	1.650 $\pm$ 0.000^Bb
	secondary emulsion(4 $°C$ )	8.61 $\pm$ 0.011^Db	1.984 ± 0.7^Bb	526.06 $\pm$ 0.66^Ca	0.982 $\pm$ 0.000^Db	1.646 $\pm$ 0.000^Bb
	Tertiary Emulsion(25 $°C$ )	9.64 $\pm$ 0.011^Da	2.506 ± 0.17^Bb	472.66 $\pm$ 7.2^Cb	0.869 $\pm$ 0.000^Dc	1.652 $\pm$ 0.000^Ca
	Tertiary Emulsion(4 $°C$ )	8.58 $\pm$ 0.000^Db	2.309 ± 1.1^Ba	525.3 $\pm$ 0.15^Cb	0.685 $\pm$ 0.001^Dc	1.651 $\pm$ 0.000^Ba
14	Primary emulsion(25 $°C$ )	9.47 $\pm$ 0.011^Cc	2.315 ± 0.19^Bb	457.76 $\pm$ 0.392^Cc	1.381 $\pm$ 0.001^Cb	1.651 $\pm$ 0.001^Bb
	Primary emulsion(4 $°C$ )	11.56 $\pm$ 0.011^Ca	0.906 ± 0.17^Ec	524.6 $\pm$ 0.717^Cb	1.21 $\pm$ 0.002^Ca	1.653 $\pm$ 0.001^Ac
	secondary emulsion(25 $°C$ )	10.87 $\pm$ 0.011^Cb	2.685 ± 1.1^Aa	526.73 $\pm$ 0.26^Ca	1.42 $\pm$ 0.000^Ca	1.651 $\pm$ 0.000^Bb
	secondary emulsion(4 $°C$ )	10.70 $\pm$ 0.011^Cb	1.675 ± 0.16^Ca	528.53 $\pm$ 0.29^Ba	0.987 $\pm$ 0.000A^Cb	1.656 $\pm$ 0.001^Ab
	Tertiary Emulsion(25 $°C$ )	11.57 $\pm$ 0.011^Ca	1.901 ± 1.8^Dc	491.1 $\pm$ 0.49^Bb	1.116 $\pm$ 0.001^Cc	1.653 $\pm$ 0.000^Ca
	Tertiary Emulsion(4 $°C$ )	9.47 $\pm$ 0.013^Cc	1.409 ± 0.4^Cb	525.86 $\pm$ 0.08^Cb	0.693 $\pm$ 0.003^Cc	1.658 $\pm$ 0.000^Aa
21	Primary emulsion(25 $°C$ )	9.56 $\pm$ 0.000^Bc	1.492 ± 0.21^Dc	492.56 $\pm$ 1.27^Bc	1.739 $\pm$ 0.001^Bb	1.655 $\pm$ 0.001^Aa
	Primary emulsion(4 $°C$ )	12 $\pm$ 0.017^Ba	1.570 ± 0.4^Ca	527.9 $\pm$ 0.54^Bb	1.51 $\pm$ 0.000^Ba	1.657 $\pm$ 0.003^Aa
	secondary emulsion(25 $°C$ )	12.29 $\pm$ 0.006^Bb	1.871 ± 0.2^Db	534.96 $\pm$ 1.76^Ba	1.763 $\pm$ 0.001^Ba	1.656 $\pm$ 0.000^Aa
	secondary emulsion(4 $°C$ )	11.66 $\pm$ 0.011^Bb	1.322 ± 0.21^Db	530.2 $\pm$ 0.25^Ba	0.992 $\pm$ 0.001^Bb	1.657 $\pm$ 0.000^Aa
	Tertiary Emulsion(25 $°C$ )	15.98 $\pm$ 0. 11^Ba	1.940 ± 0.9^Ca	506.36 $\pm$ 1.41^Ab	1.276 $\pm$ 0.001^Bc	1.657 $\pm$ 0.000^Ba
	Tertiary Emulsion(4 $°C$ )	11.6 $\pm$ 0. 012^Bc	1.187 ± 0.3^Dc	527.13 $\pm$ 0.13^Bb	0.817 $\pm$ 0.001^Bc	1.658 $\pm$ 0.000^Aa
28	Primary emulsion(25 $°C$ )	12.06 $\pm$ 0.011^Ac	1.123 ± 0.8^Ec	526.33 $\pm$ 0.88^Ab	1.81 $\pm$ 0.001^Ab	1.658 $\pm$ 0.000^Aa
	Primary emulsion(4 $°C$ )	18.34 $\pm$ 0.011^Aa	1.128 ±0 .07^Da	541.2 $\pm$ 0.75^Aa	1.59 $\pm$ 0.001^Aa	1.657 $\pm$ 0.000^Ac
	secondary emulsion(25 $°C$ )	13.17 $\pm$ 0. 11^Ab	1.496 ± 0.13^Ea	542.3 $\pm$ 0.85^Aa	1.83 $\pm$ 0.000^Aa	1.658 $\pm$ 0.001^Aa
	secondary emulsion(4 $°C$ )	12.17 $\pm$ 0.011^Ab	1.008 ± 1.2^Eb	533.66 $\pm$ 0.88^Ab	1.442 $\pm$ 0.001^Ab	1.658 $\pm$ 0.000^Ab
	Tertiary Emulsion(25 $°C$ )	20.09 $\pm$ 0.103^Aa	1.302 ± 1.1^Eb	511.26 $\pm$ 0.89^Ac	1.304 $\pm$ 0.001^Ac	1.662 $\pm$ 0.001^Aa
	Tertiary Emulsion(4 $°C$ )	12.63 $\pm$ 0.012^Ac	0.921 ± 1.2^Ec	530.1 $\pm$ 0.44^Ac	0.996 $\pm$ 0.000^Ac	1.662 $\pm$ 0.001^Aa

Different large letters indicate the difference in the storage time and Different small letters indicate the difference in the type emulsions at any temperature (P < 0.05).