. 2024 Jun 3;24:125. doi: 10.1186/s12874-024-02254-x

Table 2.

Estimation results of mediation effects, expressed as Mean (MSE)

Settings	MT methods^a	CONF methods^b*	M1 $α β$ = 0.16 (MSE)	M2 $α β$ = 0.20 (MSE)	M3 $α β$ = 0.25 (MSE)	M4 $α β$ = 0.30 (MSE)
n = 300, p = 1000	HIMA	RA	0.1547 (0.0043)	0.1909 (0.0067)	0.2414 (0.0065)	0.2907 (0.0084)
		PSR	0.1628 (0.0048)	0.1987 (0.0072)	0.2520 (0.0073)	0.3014 (0.0088)
		IPW	0.1581 (0.0054)	0.1967 (0.0072)	0.2451 (0.0071)	0.2976 (0.0094)
		OW	0.1573 (0.0044)	0.1947 (0.0069)	0.2454 (0.0065)	0.2955 (0.0083)
	mHIMA2	RA	0.1488 (0.0041)	0.1813 (0.0062)	0.2320 (0.0062)	0.2764 (0.0081)
		PSR	0.1487 (0.0042)	0.1850 (0.0064)	0.2337 (0.0063)	0.2837 (0.0083)
		IPW	0.1524 (0.0052)	0.1897 (0.0068)	0.2367 (0.0069)	0.2884 (0.0094)
		OW	0.1522 (0.0043)	0.1879 (0.0064)	0.2369 (0.0064)	0.2871 (0.0083)
n = 500, p = 1000	HIMA	RA	0.1596 (0.0024)	0.2016 (0.0038)	0.2458 (0.0040)	0.3040 (0.0046)
		PSR	0.1684 (0.0027)	0.2110 (0.0044)	0.2563 (0.0044)	0.3158 (0.0053)
		IPW	0.1607 (0.0026)	0.2024 (0.0041)	0.2470 (0.0045)	0.3051 (0.0052)
		OW	0.1594 (0.0024)	0.2019 (0.0038)	0.2459 (0.0041)	0.3041 (0.0046)
	mHIMA2	RA	0.1540 (0.0022)	0.1936 (0.0037)	0.2349 (0.0040)	0.2902 (0.0043)
		PSR	0.1548 (0.0023)	0.1966 (0.0037)	0.2392 (0.0040)	0.2977 (0.0045)
		IPW	0.1569 (0.0025)	0.1980 (0.0040)	0.2413 (0.0044)	0.2994 (0.0050)
		OW	0.1556 (0.0023)	0.1976 (0.0038)	0.2402 (0.0040)	0.2986 (0.0045)
n = 300, p = 10,000	HIMA	RA	0.1217 (0.0045)	0.1514 (0.0061)	0.1873 (0.0088)	0.2278 (0.0119)
		PSR	0.1472 (0.0044)	0.1823 (0.0050)	0.2256 (0.0064)	0.2750 (0.0087)
		IPW	0.1569 (0.0048)	0.1935 (0.0058)	0.2363 (0.0066)	0.2887 (0.0086)
		OW	0.1567 (0.0043)	0.1929 (0.0051)	0.2358 (0.0061)	0.2875 (0.0078)
	mHIMA2	RA	0.1259 (0.0039)	0.1540 (0.0053)	0.1896 (0.0076)	0.2307 (0.0102)
		PSR	0.1350 (0.0039)	0.1698 (0.0049)	0.2089 (0.0064)	0.2565 (0.0083)
		IPW	0.1425 (0.0043)	0.1780 (0.0055)	0.2169 (0.0066)	0.2692 (0.0086)
		OW	0.1425 (0.0039)	0.1780 (0.0049)	0.2170 (0.0062)	0.2670 (0.0080)
n = 500, p = 10,000	HIMA	RA	0.1502 (0.0022)	0.1911 (0.0037)	0.2364 (0.0040)	0.2836 (0.0055)
		PSR	0.1596 (0.0024)	0.2016 (0.0037)	0.2497 (0.0038)	0.2984 (0.0050)
		IPW	0.1577 (0.0023)	0.2008 (0.0038)	0.2502 (0.0037)	0.2985 (0.0052)
		OW	0.1573 (0.0021)	0.2008 (0.0034)	0.2495 (0.0035)	0.2991 (0.0047)
	mHIMA2	RA	0.1287 (0.0024)	0.1630 (0.0037)	0.2022 (0.0046)	0.2420 (0.0067)
		PSR	0.1402 (0.0021)	0.1805 (0.0032)	0.2243 (0.0035)	0.2719 (0.0048)
		IPW	0.1461 (0.0022)	0.1872 (0.0036)	0.2333 (0.0035)	0.2800 (0.0052)
		OW	0.1456 (0.0020)	0.1871 (0.0031)	0.2324 (0.0033)	0.2808 (0.0047)

^a MT methods denote two different mediation test approaches, including HIMA and modified HIMA2 (termed mHIMA2).

^b CONF methods denote different confounding adjustment methods

^* RA denotes regression adjustment. PSR denotes propensity score regression adjustment. IPW denotes inverse probability weighting. OW denotes overlapping weighting