Table 1. Characteristics of participants.
| Validation phase | Evaluation phase | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort 1 | Cohort 2 | Cohort 3 | |||||
| ANHCC | NC | ANHCC | NC | ANHCC | APHCC | NC | |
| N | 57 | 57 | 28 | 28 | 95 | 149 | 244 |
| Gender, n (%) | |||||||
| Male | 47 (82.5) | 47 (82.5) | 20 (71.4) | 20 (71.4) | 74 (77.9) | 110 (73.8) | 186 (76.2) |
| Female | 10 (17.5) | 10 (17.5) | 8 (28.6) | 8 (28.6) | 21 (22.1) | 39 (26.2) | 58 (23.8) |
| Age, years | |||||||
| Range | 32–79 | 32.5–88 | 38–68 | 36–72 | 42–84 | 26–87 | 34–87.5 |
| Mean ± SD | 54.7 ± 12.2 | 56.7 ± 12.5 | 53.8 ± 7.6 | 54.3 ± 8.8 | 57.6 ± 9.3 | 56.1 ± 10.4 | 56.6 ± 10.1 |
| TNM stage, n (%) | |||||||
| I + II | 20 (35.1) | IA | 0 | IA | 46 (48.4) | 52 (34.9) | IA |
| III + IV | 24 (42.1) | IA | 0 | IA | 39 (41.1) | 90 (60.4) | IA |
| NA | 13 (22.8) | IA | 28 (100) | IA | 10 (10.5) | 7 (4.7) | IA |
| HBV infection, n (%) | |||||||
| Yes | 34 (59.6) | 0 | 7 (25.0) | IA | 59 (62.1) | 124 (83.2) | 0 |
| No | 18 (31.6) | 57 (100) | 2 (7.1) | IA | 32 (33.7) | 23 (15.5) | 244 (100) |
| NA | 5 (8.8) | 0 | 19 (67.9) | IA | 4 (4.2) | 2 (1.3) | 0 |
| Metastasis, n (%) | |||||||
| Yes | 5 (8.8) | IA | 0 | IA | 12 (12.6) | 27 (18.1) | IA |
| No | 52 (91.2) | IA | 0 | IA | 83 (87.4) | 122 (81.9) | IA |
| NA | 0 | 0 | 28 (100) | IA | 0 | 0 | IA |
Note:
HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NC, normal control; HBV infection, combined hepatitis B virus; SD, standard deviation; AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; APHCC, AFP ≥ 20 ng/mL; ANHCC, AFP < 20 ng/ml. IA, inapplicable.