Figure 2.

Changes in breast milk compositions suppressed myelin-related gene expression in neonatal mice.

(a) The changes in breast milk compositions influence on brain development was studied after cross fostering and the experimental flow was illustrated. Created with BioRender.com.

(b) Functional enrichment analysis using microarray results revealed significantly enriched gene ontology (GO) terms; the red bar indicates up-regulated GO terms in LAO1 KO with WT milk, and the blue bar indicates downregulated GO terms in LAO1 KO with WT milk. n = 3 each, threshold of significance: q-value <0.1, Benjamini-Hochberg correction.

(c) Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validation of microarray data of Mbp and Plp1 using P10 hippocampus. Mbp (LAO1 KO with WT milk n = 8, LAO1 KO with KO milk n = 16, t₂₂ = 4.33, p < 0.05, Student’s t-test), Plp1 (LAO1 KO with WT milk n = 8, LAO1 KO with KO milk n = 16, t₂₂ = 5.02, p < 0.05, Student’s t-test).

(d and e) Representative myelin basic protein (MBP) staining and quantitative analysis at P10 dorsal hippocampus. n = 5 each, t₈ = 5.73, p < 0.05, Student’s t-test.

Mean ± SEM; ^★ indicates p < 0.05; P, postnatal; KO, knockout; WT, wild-type.