Table 2. Clinical characteristics, respiratory parameters, and interventions regarding B-type versus C-type patterns during the PLIS scan.
| Variable |
B-Type scans (n = 47) |
C-Type scans (n = 81) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Characteristics and Laboratory Results | |||
| Heart rate (mean ± SD) (bpm) | 94 ± 15 | 92 ± 11 | 0.5 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mean ± SD) (mmHg) | 83 ± 37 | 76 ± 39 | 0.36 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mean ± SD) (mmHg) | 136 ± 21 | 128 ± 18 | 0.05 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mean ± SD) (mmHg) | 78 ± 11 | 77 ± 14 | 0.63 |
| Temperature (mean ± SD) (Celsius) | 37.2 ± 0.8 | 37.2 ± 0.6 | 0.61 |
| Oxygen saturation % (mean ± SD) | 91 ± 7 | 91 ± 3 | 0.62 |
| International Normalized Ratio (mean ± SD) | 1.28 ± 0.3 | 1.15 ± 0.14 | 0.12 |
| Serum Albumin (mean ± SD) (g/dl) | 2.53 ± 0.38 | 2.23 ± 0.38 | 0.015 |
| Total Bilirubin (mean ± SD) (mg/dl) | 0.48 ± 0.23 | 0.48 ± 0.3 | >0.9 |
| Platelet count (mean ± SD) (per μL of blood) | 325 ± 110 | 348 ± 124 | 0.3 |
| Serum Creatinine (mean ± SD) (mg/dl) | 1.11 ± 1.13 | 0.85 ± 0.66 | 0.11 |
| SOFA score (median, interquartile range) | 5 (4–7) | 6 (4–7) | 0.39 |
| Total PLIS (median, interquartile range) | 2 (1–3) | 4 (3–4) | <0.001 |
| Lactate (median, interquartile range) (mmol/L) | 1.4 (1.2–2.1) | 1.9 (1.2–2.3) | 0.14 |
| Ventilation and Respiratory Parameters | |||
| PaO2/FiO2 (median, interquartile range) | 178 (123–242) | 137 (95–193) | 0.06 |
| PaCO2 (median, interquartile range) (mmHg) | 50 (44–58) | 52 (45–57) | 0.29 |
| End-Tidal CO2 (median, interquartile range) (mmHg) | 32 (29–36) | 35 (31–38) | 0.01 |
| Respiratory rate (median, interquartile range) (breaths per minute) | 20 (15–24) | 20 (16–24) | 0.26 |
| Tidal volume (median, interquartile range) (ml) | 555 (500–600) | 535 (500–580) | 0.28 |
| Minute ventilation (median, interquartile range) (ml/minute) | 10,000 (7,650–12,440) | 10,700 (8,580–12,000) | 0.8 |
| Dead space (vd/vt) (% from Tidal volume) | 33 (23–40) | 32 (26–42) | 0.86 |
| Peak pressure (median, interquartile range) | 17 (15–20) | 19 (15–23) | 0.42 |
| ARDS Interventions | |||
| Prone position n(%) | 3 (6.4) | 14 (17.3%) | 0.08 |
| PEEP (median, interquartile range) (CmH2O) | 10 (6–13) | 12 (10–14) | 0.14 |
| NO administration n(%) | 9 (19.1) | 29 (35.8%) | 0.047 |
| NO dose (median, interquartile range) (ppm) | 15 (9–16) | 15 (13–17) | 0.59 |
| Advanced ARDS interventions* n(%) | 19 (40.4) | 48 (59.3%) | 0.04 |
| Vasopressor administration n(%) | 36 (76.6) | 70 (86.4%) | 0.22 |
ARDS- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; FiO2—Fractional-inspired oxygen; NO—nitric oxide; PLIS—Point-of-care Lung Ultrasound Injury Score; PaCO2- Partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood; PaO2- Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; PEEP—positive end-expiratory pressure; SOFA score—Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score.
*Advanced ARDS interventions–a composite outcome of prone positioning, high PEEP (≥ 12 CmH2O), or high dose of inhaled NO (≥15 ppm).