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. 2024 Jun 3;19(6):e0304816. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304816

Table 3. Multivariate logistic regression for factors associated with HL domain 1 to 5.

Variables Category Domain 1 Domain 2 Domain 3 Domain 4 Domain 5
AOR# (95%CI) AOR# (95%CI) AOR# (95%CI) AOR# (95%CI) AOR# (95%CI)
Age group 18–44 1 1 1 1 1
45–64 0.74(0.37,1.49) 1.42(0.68,2.93) 0.85(0.42,1.73) 1.33(0.66,2.64) 1.87(0.80,4.38)
≥65 0.33(0.12,0.88)* 0.82(0.31,2.19) 0.49(0.19,1.28) 1.46(0.57,3.77) 1.16(0.38,3.50)
Gender Male 1 1 1 1 1
Female 0.45(0.22,0.92)* 0.99(0.48,2.03) 0.74(0.36,1.28) 1.24(0.62,2.50) 0.68(0.29,1.60)
Educational status Illiterate 1 1 1 1 1
Basic level 3.33(1.52,7.3)** 3.85(1.72,8.62)** 0.90(0.41,1.95) 2.63(1.24,5.59)** 2.15(0.82,5.63)
Secondary level 2.48(1.07,5.75)* 4.53(1.86,11.00)** 1.29(0.54,3.08) 5.33(2.2,12.8)** 1.27(0.47,3.44)
Higher education 6.18(2.30,16.64)** 5.5(2.03,14.8)** 2.01(0.73,5.52) 5.6(2.15,14.6)** 2.69(0.83,8.68)
Occupation Housewife 1 1 1 1 1
Employed 0.94(0.37,2.39) 0.73(0.28,1.89) 1.66(0.62,4.39) 1.49(0.58,3.82) 1.33(0.43,4.12)
Agriculture 0.72(0.28,1.88) 1.20(0.46,3.16) 0.96(0.38,2.43) 1.27(0.50,3.27) 1.01(0.34,2.94)
Others 1.61(0.71,3.62) 1.61(0.70,3.68) 1.62(0.73,3.58) 1.39(0.64,3.04) 1.96(0.79,4.90)
Residence Rural 1 1 1 1 1
Urban 1.78(0.97,3.31) 1.51(0.81,2.81) 1.42(0.78,2.61) 1.08(0.59,1.97) 0.99(0.49,2.00)
Co-morbidity Yes 1 1 1 1 1
No 0.80(0.44,1.46) 1.09(0.59,1.96) 1.21(0.68,2.17) 1.35(0.77,2.39) 1.67(0.88,3.24)
Involving in social activities Yes 1 1 1 1 1
No 0.81(0.42,1.55) 2.24(1.09,4.59) 1.57(0.87,3.06) 1.08(0.57,2.06) 1.52(0.70,3.30)
Regular physical activity Yes 1 1 1 1 1
No 0.45(0.24,0.82)* 0.51(0.28,0.92)* 0.56(0.31,1.01) 0.57(0.34,1.23) 0.36(0.19,0.70)
Attending health related seminar Yes 1 1 1 1 1
No 0.82(0.43,1.55) 0.36(0.18,0.71)** 0.43(0.22,0.84)* 0.65(0.34,1.23) 0.51(0.23,1.15)
Social connectedness Yes 1 1 1 1 1
No 0.45(0.18,1.11) 0.45(0.18,1.09) 0.35(0.15,0.82)* 0.61(0.26,1.42) 0.37(0.15,0.92)*

Domain1, Feeling understood and supported by healthcare providers; Domain2, Having sufficient information to manage my health; Domain3, Actively managing own health; Domain4, Social support for health; Domain5, Appraisal of Health Information

#AOR: Adjusted Odds Ratio,

*significantly associated at <0.05,

**significantly associated at <0.01,

1-Reference category