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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 3.
Published in final edited form as: J Hum Resour. 2024 Apr;59(Suppl):S365–S401. doi: 10.3368/jhr.1222-12693r3

Table A21:

Trajectory of Parental Investment

Measurement Control Treatment Nondep. Diff. (T-C) Adjusted Beta s.e. p-val N
Mean SD Mean Mean
6 Months
MPAS Total 86.354 6.146 86.166 87.397 −0.188 0.302 0.624 0.629 929
MSES Total 36.886 3.710 37.265 37.726 0.379 0.229 0.264 0.387 929
Investment Index 0 1 0.083 0.180 0.083 0.095 0.065 0.145 929
Investment Factor 0 1 0.060 0.417 0.060 0.076 0.057 0.187 929
12 Months
HOME Total 30.680 5.683 31.099 32.419 0.419 0.639 0.499 0.200 940
HOME Responsivity 9.732 1.434 9.865 9.787 0.133 0.226 0.114 0.047 940
HOME Acceptance 6.088 1.389 6.224 6.192 0.136 0.152 0.126 0.226 940
HOME Organization 3.434 1.417 3.556 3.775 0.122 0.153 0.142 0.281 940
HOME Learning Mat. 4.728 2.643 4.798 5.487 0.070 0.176 0.256 0.493 940
HOME Involvement 3.886 1.453 3.892 4.264 0.006 0.001 0.128 0.995 940
HOME Variety 2.811 0.582 2.762 2.914 −0.049 −0.069 0.066 0.298 940
Investment Index 0 1 0.131 0.262 0.131 0.142 0.075 0.059 940
Investment Factor 0 1 0.062 0.448 0.062 0.075 0.086 0.382 940
24 Months
OMCI Total 37.374 4.641 37.074 38.161 −0.267 −0.146 0.409 0.721 885
Investment Index 0 1 0.076 0.166 0.076 0.045 0.084 0.592 889
Investment Factor 0 1 0.012 0.035 0.012 0.031 0.083 0.710 889
36 Months
HOME Total 37.347 4.494 37.607 38.582 0.260 0.279 0.366 0.446 889
HOME Responsivity 10.472 0.899 10.437 10.497 −0.035 −0.040 0.065 0.535 889
HOME Acceptance 6.759 1.204 6.898 6.919 0.139 0.173 0.095 0.068 889
HOME Organization 5.028 0.935 5.049 5.148 0.021 −0.002 0.075 0.982 889
HOME Learning Mat. 6.435 2.451 6.505 7.004 0.070 0.134 0.222 0.546 889
HOME Involvement 5.065 1.303 5.121 5.313 0.057 0.039 0.090 0.665 889
HOME Variety 3.588 0.847 3.597 3.702 0.009 −0.025 0.052 0.625 889
OMCI Total 40.958 3.992 41.362 41.353 0.403 0.261 0.390 0.503 886
Investment Index 0 1 0.060 0.179 0.060 0.079 0.071 0.264 889
Investment Factor 0 1 0.067 0.361 0.067 0.111 0.076 0.143 889

Note: MPAS : Maternal Postnatal Attachment Scale, MSES : Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale, OMCI: Observation for Mother Child Interaction. Adjusted coefficients are obtained from the regressions of items on the treatment indicator and its interactions with the (demeaned) baseline covariates including baseline PHQ Total, baseline WHODAS Total, baseline PSS Total, mother’s baseline age, weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure, family structure, grandmother being resident, total adults in the household, people per room, number of living children (split by gender), whether the index child is the first child, parental education levels, asset based SES index, life events checklist score, interviewer fixed effect, union council fixed effect and days from baseline. All estimations control for child gender and age (in days). Robust and clustered standard errors at the cluster level are reported in the SE column. Reported p-values and standard errors refer to the adjusted beta coefficient. Anderson indices and factor scores are coded so that higher score always indicates better outcome. Investment Index : all MPAS items +all MSES items at 6 months, all HOME items at 12 and 36 months, all OMCI items at 24 months.