Table 3:
Estimates of the Production Function and Input Equations I
| Socioemotional skills (12m) (1) |
Physical health (12m) (2) |
Cognition (12m) (3) |
Parental investment (12m) (4) |
Maternal mental health (12m) (5) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE skills (6m) | 0.450*** (0.042) |
0.004 (0.014) |
0.065* (0.035) |
0.034 (0.024) |
0.031 (0.024) |
| physical health (6m) | 0.070 (0.044) |
0.928*** (0.014) |
0.109*** (0.042) |
0.077*** (0.024) |
0.006 (0.022) |
| mother mental health (6m) | 0.117* (0.062) |
0.083*** (0.029) |
0.131* (0.076) |
−0.104 (0.069) |
0.384*** (0.067) |
| mother functioning (6m) | −0.033 (0.053) |
−0.044** (0.020) |
−0.025 (0.045) |
0.081** (0.040) |
0.093** (0.042) |
| investment (12m) | 0.086 (0.082) |
0.030 (0.022) |
−0.016 (0.060) |
0.162** (0.053) |
|
| Interactions | |||||
| mother MH (6m) × treat | −0.199*** (0.076) |
−0.061 (0.038) |
−0.199** (0.096) |
0.101 (0.085) |
−0.022 (0.073) |
| mother MH (6m) × nondep. | −0.052 (0.094) |
−0.133*** (0.034) |
−0.066 (0.094) |
0.106 (0.080) |
−0.155* (0.084) |
| investment (12m) × treat | −0.022 (0.108) |
−0.030 (0.035) |
0.346*** (0.090) |
−0.007 (0.067) |
|
| investment (12m) × nondep. | −0.033 (0.082) |
−0.026 (0.030) |
0.206*** (0.073) |
−0.072 (0.063) |
|
| Total factor productivity (TFP) | |||||
| TFP | −0.567 (0.887) |
−0.465 (0.346) |
4.208*** (0.919) |
0.101 (0.799) |
−0.453 (0.664) |
| TFP × treat | 0.257*** (0.061) |
0.033* (0.020) |
−0.023 (0.058) |
0.065 (0.060) |
0.043 (0.049) |
| TFP × nondep. | 0.243** (0.100) |
0.118*** (0.038) |
−0.069 (0.089) |
0.022 (0.094) |
−0.001 (0.084) |
| Baseline controls | |||||
| SES assets | −0.016 (0.020) |
0.004 (0.007) |
0.009 (0.024) |
0.087*** (0.016) |
−0.019 (0.015) |
| mother’s education (years) | −0.003 (0.006) |
0.005 (0.003) |
−0.004 (0.007) |
0.019*** (0.004) |
0.011** (0.005) |
| husband’s education (years) | 0.001 (0.007) |
−0.006** (0.003) |
−0.002 (0.006) |
0.016** (0.007) |
0.001 (0.006) |
| Observations | 932 | 932 | 927 | 932 | 932 |
| R2 | 0.430 | 0.881 | 0.258 | 0.384 | 0.429 |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.387 | 0.873 | 0.202 | 0.340 | 0.387 |
SE= socioemotional skills, MH=mental health. Dependent variables are child outcomes and parental investment and maternal mental health factors at 12 months postpartum. Independent variables include an indicator of treatment status (control, treatment, nondepressed), child and maternal factors at 6 months (except for cognition as we did not measure cognition at 6 months), parental investment factor at 12 months. Maternal mental health and parental investment are interacted with the treatment status. All estimations control for baseline characteristics including, mother’s baseline age, weight, height, waist circumference and blood pressure, family structure, grandmother being resident, total adults in the household, people per room, number of living children (split by gender), whether the index child is the first child, parental education levels, asset based SES index, life events checklist score, interviewer fixed effect, union council fixed effect, days from baseline and child age in days. Robust and clustered standard errors at the cluster level are reported in paranthesis.
Note:
p<0.1;
p<0.05;
p<0.01