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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 3.
Published in final edited form as: JBJS Rev. 2020 Aug;8(8):e1900221. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.19.00221

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

The key steps of endochondral ossification during fracture-healing and examples of common perturbations that disrupt the respective phases. VEGF 5 vascular endothelial growth factor. (Reproduced, with modification, from: Bahney CS, Hu DP, Miclau T III, Marcucio RS. The multifaceted role of the vasculature in endochondral fracture repair. Front Endocrinol [Lausanne]. 2015;6:4, under Open Access License CC BY 4.0.)