Table 2.
Associations between weight training and all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality overall and among men and women (n = 216 339)
| All-cause mortality |
CVD mortality |
Cancer mortality |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight training | Person-years | Deaths | HR (95% CI), Pa | Deaths | HR (95% CI), Pa | Deaths | HR (95% CI), Pa | |
| All participants | ||||||||
| No weight training | 2 046 616 | 62 550 | 1.00 (Reference) | 35 217 | 1.00 (Reference) | 19 314 | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Some weight training | 715 998 | 16 557 | 0.94 (0.93–0.96), <0.001 | 8953 | 0.92 (0.90–0.95), <0.001 | 5459 | 0.95 (0.92–0.98), 0.001 | |
| Categories (none is reference) | ||||||||
| 5–15 min/week | 127 589 | 3199 | 0.95 (0.91–0.98), 0.003 | 1746 | 0.92 (0.88–0.97), 0.001 | 997 | 0.93 (0.87–0.99), 0.030 | |
| 30 min/week | 147 705 | 3564 | 0.95 (0.92–0.98), 0.003 | 1954 | 0.94 (0.89–0.98), 0.005 | 1173 | 0.97 (0.91–1.03), 0.292 | |
| 1 h/week | 154 615 | 3653 | 0.97 (0.93–1.00), 0.045 | 1964 | 0.94 (0.90–0.98), 0.008 | 1178 | 0.95 (0.89–1.01), 0.081 | |
| 1.5 h/week | 109 111 | 2421 | 0.94 (0.90–0.98), 0.002 | 1309 | 0.93 (0.87–0.98), 0.007 | 801 | 0.93 (0.86–0.99), 0.036 | |
| 2–3 h/week | 118 202 | 2474 | 0.91 (0.88–0.95), <0.001 | 1297 | 0.88 (0.83–0.93), <0.001 | 883 | 0.96 (0.90–1.03), 0.248 | |
| 4+ h/week | 58 776 | 1246 | 0.92 (0.87–0.97), 0.004 | 683 | 0.92 (0.85–0.99), 0.027 | 427 | 0.91 (0.83–1.01), 0.066 | |
| Men | ||||||||
| No weight training | 1 136 981 | 39 247 | 1.00 (Reference) | 22 586 | 1.00 (Reference) | 12 405 | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Some weight training | 437 390 | 11 851 | 0.97 (0.95–0.99), 0.012 | 6599 | 0.96 (0.93–0.99), 0.005 | 3874 | 0.96 (0.92–1.00), 0.032 | |
| Categories (none is reference) | ||||||||
| 5–15 min/week | 77 216 | 2277 | 0.97 (0.93–1.01), 0.137 | 1269 | 0.94 (0.89–1.00), 0.041 | 684 | 0.92 (0.85–0.99), 0.025 | |
| 30 min/week | 86 204 | 2460 | 0.98 (0.94–1.02), 0.344 | 1.372 | 0.96 (0.91–1.02), 0.161 | 829 | 1.01 (0.94–1.09), 0.692 | |
| 1 h/week | 92 664 | 2598 | 1.01 (0.97–1.05), 0.781 | 1442 | 0.99 (0.94–1.04), 0.696 | 844 | 0.99 (0.92–1.06), 0.696 | |
| 1.5 h/week | 66 505 | 1729 | 0.96 (0.91–1.01), 0.102 | 979 | 0.97 (0.91–1.04), 0.373 | 559 | 0.92 (0.85–1.01), 0.067 | |
| 2–3 h/week | 74 479 | 1821 | 0.95 (0.90–0.99), 0.030 | 991 | 0.93 (0.87–0.99), 0.024 | 632 | 0.96 (0.89–1.05), 0.380 | |
| 4+ h/week | 40 321 | 969 | 0.94 (0.88–1.01), 0.075 | 546 | 0.96 (0.88–1.04), 0.334 | 326 | 0.91 (0.82–1.02), 0.112 | |
| Women | ||||||||
| No weight training | 906 635 | 23 303 | 1.00 (Reference) | 12 631 | 1.00 (Reference) | 6909 | 1.00 (Reference) | |
| Some weight training | 278 608 | 4703 | 0.88 (0.85–0.91), <0.001 | 2354 | 0.84 (0.80–0.88), <0.001 | 1585 | 0.91 (0.86–0.97), 0.002 | |
| Categories (none is reference) | ||||||||
| 5–15 min/week | 50 374 | 922 | 0.90 (0.84–0.96), 0.002 | 477 | 0.88 (0.80–0.96), 0.006 | 313 | 0.97 (0.86–1.08), 0.542 | |
| 30 min/week | 61 500 | 1104 | 0.89 (0.83–0.94), <0.001 | 582 | 0.88 (0.81–0.96), 0.003 | 344 | 0.87 (0.78–0.97), 0.013 | |
| 1 h/week | 61 950 | 1055 | 0.88 (0.82–0.93), <0.001 | 522 | 0.83 (0.75–0.90), <0.001 | 334 | 0.86 (0.77–0.96), 0.009 | |
| 1.5 h/week | 42 605 | 692 | 0.89 (0.82–0.96), 0.002 | 330 | 0.81 (0.73–0.91), <0.001 | 242 | 0.93 (0.82–1.06), 0.287 | |
| 2–3 h/week | 43 723 | 653 | 0.84 (0.77–0.90), <0.001 | 306 | 0.76 (0.67–0.85), <0.001 | 251 | 0.95 (0.84–1.09), 0.484 | |
| 4+ h/week | 18 455 | 277 | 0.86 (0.76–0.97), 0.012 | 137 | 0.81 (0.68–0.96), 0.013 | 101 | 0.93 (0.76–1.13), 0.446 | |
CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; kg, kilogram; m, metre.
a
Adjusted for the following confounders: age, sex, education, race, body mass index, leisure-time aerobic exercise, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, Healthy Eating Index, self-reported health status.