Table 1.
Demographics of patients
| Variable | All N = 147 (%) |
HT at diagnosis N = 80 (55%) |
HT grade I N = 48/69* (70%) |
HT grade 2 N = 21/69 (30%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female sex – yes | 79 (54) | 43 (54) | 24 (50) | 12 (57) |
| Age (months), median (IQR) | 35 (18–55) | 31 (15–48) | 33 (18–52) | 17 (8–32) |
| Tumor diagnosis | ||||
| - Wilms tumor st I–III | 84 | 49 | 30 | 17 |
| - Wilms tumor st IV (including IV + V) | 28 | 14 | 10 | 2 |
| - Wilms tumor st V | 14 | 9 | 4 | 2 |
| - CMN | 5 | 3 | 2 | |
| - CN | 5 | 2 | 1 | |
| - MRTK | 2 | 0 | ||
| - RCC | 6 | 3 | 1 | |
| - Nephrogenic rest | 2 | 0 | ||
| - Metanephric adenoma | 1 | 0 | ||
| Complications of hypertension | ||||
| - PICU admission due to hypertension | 3 | 3 | 3 | |
| - Neurologic symptoms (physical examination, n = 147) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| - Retinopathy by fundoscopy (n = 15) | 0 | |||
| - Cardiac dysfunction (physical examination (n = 147) and echocardiography (n = 36)) | 2 | 2 | 2 | |
| - Signs of thrombotic microangiopathy (hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia, n = 147) | 0 | |||
| - Proteinuria (protein/creatinine ratio > 20 mg/mmol or < 50 mg/mmol in children < 24 months, n = 29) | 17 | 17 | 8 | 9 |
| Oral antihypertensive medication | ||||
| - ACE-inhibitors | 34 | |||
| - amlodipine | 17 | |||
| - betablocker | 2 | |||
| - combination of enalapril and amlodipine | 12 | |||
| Hypertension 1 month after nephrectomy | 31 (21%) | 29 (36%) | 9 (19%) | 16 (76%) |
| Hypertension at end of tumor treatment | 28 (19%) | 18 (23%) | 3 (6%) | 9 (43%) |
| eGFR at end of tumor treatment, mean (SD) | 121 (29) | 130 (30) | 133 (32) | 130 (18) |
HT hypertension, IQR interquartile range, CMN congenital mesoblastic nephroma, CN cystic nephroma, MRTK malignant rhabdoid tumors of the kidney, RCC renal cell carcinoma, PICU pediatric intensive care unit, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate by revised Schwartz-formula
*in 11 patients no ‘grade’ was determined (e.g. normal blood pressure after immediate start of antihypertensive medication)