Fig. 4.

Computational time taken to quantify CACS according to different technical set-ups. The computational time taken to analyze the images was extremely heterogeneous between studies, varying from a few seconds (invisible cones) to approximately ten minutes. This heterogeneity was highly dependent on the computational approach used. However, most studies reported computational times lower than that taken by experts (red ring). The latter was based on the results by Eng et al. [83] CPU central processing unit, GPU graphics processing unit, min minutes, sec seconds