Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation under general anesthesia using remimazolam-flumazenil or propofol.
| Remimazolam-flumazenil group (n = 26) |
Propofol group (n = 27) |
|
|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | ||
| Age (years) | 66 (61–69) | 58 (48–66) |
| Male | 20 (77%) | 22 (82%) |
| Height (cm) | 167.8 (8.5) | 168.6 (9.0) |
| Weight (kg) | 69.9 (14.4) | 72.6 (14.9) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.6 (3.8) | 26.1 (2.8) |
| Smoking history | ||
| Never | 12 (46%) | 16 (59%) |
| Current | 8 (31%) | 6 (22%) |
| Ex-smoker | 6 (23%) | 5 (19%) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| Hypertension | 13 (50%) | 9 (33%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6 (23%) | 1 (4%) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 9 (35%) | 4 (15%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) |
| Myocardial infarction | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) |
| Congestive heart failure | 1 (4%) | 0 (0%) |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Current medication | ||
| Aspirin | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) |
| Warfarin | 1 (4%) | 2 (7%) |
| NOAC | 25 (96%) | 25 (93%) |
| Apixaban | 12 (46.2%) | 7 (26%) |
| Dabigatran | 1 (4%) | 3 (11%) |
| Edoxaban | 3 (12%) | 4 (15%) |
| Rivaroxaban | 9 (35%) | 11 (41%) |
| ß blocker | 17 (65%) | 12 (44%) |
| Calcium channel blocker | 6 (23%) | 8 (30%) |
| Diuretics | 6 (23%) | 4 (15%) |
| Statin | 7 (27%) | 9 (33%) |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 6 (23%) | 2 (7%) |
| Insulin | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Nitrate | 1 (9%) | 0 (0%) |
| Digoxin | 2 (8%) | 2 (7%) |
| Anti-arrhythmic agents | 23 (89%) | 21 (78%) |
| Amiodarone | 4 (15%) | 7 (26%) |
| Dronedarone | 1 (4%) | 1 (4%) |
| Flecainide | 8 (31%) | 4 (15%) |
| Pilsicainide | 2 (8%) | 0 (0%) |
| Propafenone | 8 (31%) | 9 (33%) |
| Preoperative laboratory findings | ||
| Hematocrit (%) | 43 (5) | 43 (4) |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.90 (0.76–0.97) | 0.85 (0.78–1.01) |
| LVEF (%) | 57 (56–63) | 58 (56–62) |
| LA volume (mL) | 87 (27) | 85 (25) |
Data are presented as median (interquartile range), number (%) or value (standard deviation).
ASA PS, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status; NOAC, Non-Vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LA, left atrium.