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. 2024 Apr 4;5(5):257–265. doi: 10.1016/j.hroo.2024.03.012

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© 2024 Heart Rhythm Society. Published by Elsevier Inc.

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Overview of lesion set at repeat atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation for each arrhythmia type leading to repeat AF ablation. Possible other extra-pulmonary vein (PV) ablation targets using pulsed-field ablation (PFA) included septal/anterior line, mitral isthmus/annulus, superior vena cava (SVC), and focal spots of right atrium. Possible additional radiofrequency ablation (RFA) included cavotricuspid isthmus ablation, SVC, mitral isthmus/annulus, septal/anterior line, atrioventricular node, and focal spots in the right/left atrium.