Table 1.
Characteristics of participants from the INHES study cohort, Italy 2010–2013
| Adults (20–97 years) | Children/adolescents (5–19 years) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | |
| N of subjects | 8569 | 100·0 | 509 | 100·0 |
| Total energy (kcal/d) | ||||
| Mean | 1926·4 | 2081·7 | ||
| sd | 588·3 | 653·6 | ||
| % Energy from UPF | ||||
| Mean | 17·3 | 25·9 | ||
| 95 % CI | 17·1, 17·6 | 24·8, 27·0 | ||
| % Energy from processed food | ||||
| Mean | 24·4 | 18·6 | ||
| 95 % CI | 24·1, 24·7 | 17·6, 19·6 | ||
| % Energy from culinary ingredients | ||||
| Mean | 19·6 | 17·4 | ||
| 95 % CI | 19·5, 19·8 | 16·8, 18·0 | ||
| % Energy from unprocessed food | ||||
| Mean | 38·7 | 38·1 | ||
| 95 % CI | 38·4, 38·9 | 37·2, 39·1 | ||
| Men (adults)/boys | 3977 | 46·4 | 261 | 51·3 |
| Age, years | ||||
| Mean | 56·9 | 14·5 | ||
| sd | 14·6 | 3·7 | ||
| Geographical area | ||||
| Northern Italy | 3500 | 40·9 | 111 | 21·8 |
| Central Italy | 1391 | 16·2 | 44 | 8·6 |
| Southern Italy | 3781 | 42·9 | 354 | 69·6 |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Rural | 1168 | 13·6 | 66 | 13·0 |
| Urban | 7401 | 86·4 | 443 | 87·0 |
| Educational level | ||||
| Up to elementary | 1523 | 17·8 | 185 | 36·4 |
| Lower secondary | 2258 | 26·4 | 320 | 55·9 |
| Upper secondary | 3413 | 39·8 | 4 | 0·8 |
| Post-secondary | 1375 | 16·0 | – | |
| Occupation | ||||
| Manual | 1521 | 17·8 | – | |
| Non-manual | 2637 | 30·8 | 1 | 0·2 |
| Housewife | 952 | 11·1 | – | |
| Retired | 3071 | 35·8 | – | |
| Student | 140 | 1·6 | 503 | 98·8 |
| Unemployed | 248 | 2·9 | 5 | 1·0 |
| Marital status | ||||
| Married/in couple | 6470 | 75·5 | 3 | 0·6 |
| Unmarried | 1221 | 14·2 | 506 | 99·4 |
| Separated/divorced | 272 | 3·2 | – | |
| Widowed | 606 | 7·1 | – | |
| Smoking habit | ||||
| Non-smoker | 5123 | 59·8 | 451 | 88·6 |
| Current | 1374 | 16·0 | 40 | 7·9 |
| Former | 1909 | 22·3 | 3 | 0·6 |
| Occasional | 163 | 1·9 | 15 | 2·9 |
| Sport activity | 1559 | 18·2 | 337 | 66·2 |
| CVD | 289 | 3·4 | 0 | 0·0 |
| Cancer | 286 | 3·3 | 1 | 0·2 |
| Hypertension | 2762 | 32·2 | 2 | 0·4 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 1888 | 22·0 | 6 | 1·2 |
| Diabetes | 644 | 7·5 | 1 | 0·2 |
| BMI (adults) | ||||
| Normal weight | 4122 | 48·1 | – | |
| Overweight | 3296 | 38·5 | – | |
| Obese | 1151 | 13·4 | – | |
| BMI (kids) | ||||
| Normal weight | – | 422 | 82·9 | |
| Overweight/obese | – | 87 | 17·1 | |
Values are reported as number and percentages unless otherwise stated.