Table 2.
Summary of quality assessment findings (GRADE).
| Outcome | Certainty assessment | № of patients | Effect | Certainty | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| № of studies | Study design | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other considerations | CART | ST | p-value | Absolute (95% CI) | ||
| BW (kg) | 5 | RCT | not serious | not serious | not serious | seriousb | none | 231 | 224 | 0.95 | SMD 0.04 lower (1.23 lower to 1.15 higher) |
⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 6 | RCT | seriouse | seriousc | not serious | seriousb | none | 213 | 216 | 0.04 | SMD 0.57 lower (1.12 lower to 0.02 lower) |
⊕◯◯◯ Very low |
| BMI (≤16 wks) | 4 | RCT | seriouse | not serious | not serious | seriousb | none | 179 | 189 | 0.04 | SMD 0.21 lower (0.42 lower to 0) |
⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
| BMI (>16 wks) | 2 | RCT | seriouse | very seriousa | not serious | seriousb | none | 34 | 27 | 0.27 | SMD 2.49 lower (6.91 lower to 1.93 higher) |
⊕◯◯◯ Very low |
| HC (cm) | 2 | RCT | seriousd | not serious | not serious | seriousb | none | 97 | 94 | 0.02 | MD 3.14 lower (4.77 lower to 1.52 lower) |
⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
| WC (cm) | 2 | RCT | seriousd | not serious | not serious | seriousb | none | 97 | 94 | 0.19 | MD 3.63 lower (9.02 lower to 1.77 higher) |
⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
| WHR | 2 | RCT | seriousd | seriousc | not serious | seriousb | none | 60 | 62 | 0.34 | MD 0.05 lower (0.15 lower to 0.05 higher) |
⊕◯◯◯ Very low |
| BF (%) | 6 | RCT | seriousd | seriousc | not serious | seriousb | none | 157 | 148 | 0.02 | SMD 0.5 lower (0.93 lower to 0.07 lower) |
⊕◯◯◯ Very low |
| FM (kg) | 4 | RCT | not serious | seriousc | not serious | seriousb | none | 174 | 173 | 0.04 | SMD 0.76 lower (1.44 lower to 0.08 lower) |
⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
| FFM (kg) | 2 | RCT | seriousd | not serious | not serious | seriousb | none | 56 | 55 | <0.01 | SMD 1.03 higher (0.63 higher to 1.43 higher) |
⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
| TC (mmol/L) | 2 | RCT | not serious | not serious | not serious | seriousb | none | 87 | 83 | <0.01 | SMD 0.95 lower (1.37 lower to 0.52 lower) |
⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 3 | RCT | not serious | very seriousa | not serious | seriousb | none | 133 | 128 | 0.008 | MD 8 higher (2.05 higher to 13.94 higher) |
⊕◯◯◯ Very low |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2 | RCT | not serious | very seriousa | not serious | seriousb | none | 56 | 55 | <0.01 | SMD 1.4 lower (5.22 lower to 2.41 higher) |
⊕◯◯◯ Very low |
| TG (mg/Dl) | 1 | RCT | not seriousa | very seriousa | not serious | seriousb | none | 46 | 45 | <0.01 | MD 81.9 lower (91.21 lower to 72.59 lower) |
⊕◯◯◯ Very low |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 6 | RCT | not serious | not serious | not serious | seriousb | none | 177 | 163 | 0.33 | SMD 0.11 lower (0.32 lower to 0.11 higher) |
⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate |
| IL-8 (pg/mL) | 3 | RCT | not serious | very seriousa | not serious | seriousb | none | 86 | 85 | 0.20 | SMD 1.32 lower (3.33 lower to 0.7 higher) |
⊕◯◯◯ Very low |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | 4 | RCT | not serious | seriousc | not serious | seriousb | none | 130 | 126 | 0.03 | SMD 0.89 lower (1.7 lower to 0.08 lower) |
⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 3 | RCT | not serious | very seriousa | not serious | seriousb | none | 113 | 105 | 0.23 | SMD 1.69 lower (4.42 lower to 1.05 higher) |
⊕◯◯◯ Very low |
| ADPN (ug/mL) | 2 | RCT | seriousd | very seriousa | not serious | seriousb | none | 61 | 59 | 0.36 | MD 5.06 higher (5.82 lower to 15.93 higher) |
⊕◯◯◯ Very low |
| LEP (ng/mL) | 4 | RCT | not serious | seriousc | not serious | seriousb | none | 122 | 114 | 0.03 | SMD 0.63 lower (1.2 lower to 0.06 lower) |
⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
| NK cells (%) | 2 | RCT | not serious | not serious | not serious | seriousb | none | 50 | 47 | 0.04 | SMD 0.42 higher (0.01 higher to 0.82 higher) |
⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate |
| FA (score) | 4 | RCT | seriouse | very seriousa | not serious | seriousb | none | 168 | 180 | 0.03 | SMD 0.98 lower (1.85 lower to 0.11 lower) |
⊕◯◯◯ Very low |
| SQ (score) | 2 | RCT | not serious | seriousf | not serious | seriousb | none | 70 | 72 | 0.01 | SMD 1.17 lower (1.76 lower to 0.57 lower) |
⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
| QoL (score) | 4 | RCT | seriouse | very seriousa | not serious | seriousb | none | 174 | 182 | 0.02 | SMD 2.94 higher (0.46 higher to 5.41 higher) |
⊕◯◯◯ Very low |
ADPN: Adiponectin, AE: Aerobic Exercise, BC: Breast Cancer, BF: Body Fat, BM: Body Weight, BMI: Body Mass Index, BMD: Bone Mineral Density, C: Control Group, CART: Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training, CI: confidence intervals, CRF: Cardiorespiratory Fitness, CRP: C-Reactive Protein, DBP: Diastolic Blood Pressure, DEP: Depression, EX: Exercise Group, FA: Cancer-related Fatigue, FFM: Fat-Free Mass, FG: Fasting Glucose, FI: Fasting Insulin, FM: Fat Mass, HC: hip circumference, HDL-C: High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, HRmax: Maximum Heart Rate, HRR: Heart Rate Reserve, IL: Interleukin, LEP: Leptin, LDL: Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, MD: mean difference, NK: Natural Killer, RCT: randomized control trial, RT: Resistance Training, SBP: Systolic Blood Pressure, SMD: standardized mean difference, ST: standard treatment, SQ: Sleep Quality, TC: Total Cholesterol, TG: Triglycerides, TNF-α: Tumor Necrosis Factor α, QoL: Quality of Life, WC: Waist circumference, WHR: Waist-to-Hip Ratio, 1-RM: Repetition Maximum, a: there is considerable heterogeneity in the study's outcome, b: the included studies recorded a small sample size for both the control and intervention group, c: there is substantial heterogeneity in the studies, d: The assessor was not blinding, e: participants were aware of all exercise procedures, f: there is moderate heterogeneity in the involved studies.