Table 1.

Functions of heat shock proteins and genes involved in heat stress in chicken

Genes involved	Molecular function	Biological process	References
HSP25	Inhibit actin polymerization, lower the cholinergic moto neurons	Protective function against heat shock, actin filaments rearrange themselves rapidly in response to heat stress	[46]
HSP27	Acts as an anti-apoptotic agent to remodel actin cytoskeleton and promotes actin polymerization	Cellular ability to respond to heat, rising intracellular glutathione, and lowering the intracellular iron level	[47]
HSP47	Binding protease, activation of endopeptidase inhibitor	Proteolysis, the metabolic process of cellular protein, negatively regulates endopeptidase activity	[48]
HSP70 HSPA2	Binding ATP codified heat shock protein, binding unfolded protein, and processing ATPase	Vesicle-influenced transportation, folding of the chaperone-mediated protein, cellular response for the unfolded protein	[48]
HSP100	Disassemble higher-order protein structures, inhibition of leukotoxin expression	Increase tolerance to high temperature, promotion of proteolysis	[49]
HSF1	Transcription factor activity for binding DNA, DNA binding by RNA polymerase II at the proximal promoter sequence	The capacity of cells to respond to heat, transcription from the RNA polymerase II activator in reaction to stress, transcription by RNA polymerase, and RNA polymerase II-mediated positive control of transcription	[48]
HSF2	Transcription regulation of heat shock response	Modify the expression of HSP70 through interaction with its chromatin	[50]
HSF3	Transcription factor activity for binding DNA, RNA polymerase II proximal promoter sequencer-specific DNA binding	The capacity of cells to respond to heat, transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter in reaction to stress, transcription by RNA polymerase, and RNA polymerase II-mediated positive control of transcription	[48]