Figure 3. Hazard ratio of Black-White difference in cardiovascular mortality adjusting for metabolic, behavioral, and social risk factors in the US adults aged 20 and older, NHANES 1999-2018.

Metabolic risk factors included obesity, central obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio ≥5. Behavioral risk factors included current smoking, healthy eating index score <52, no leisure-time physical activity, and sleep duration <6 or >8 hours per day. Social risk factors included unemployed, family income-to-poverty ratio <300%, marginal or low food security, not owning a home, less than high school education, no regular health care access, no private health insurance, and not married nor living with a partner.