Table 2.

Diagnostic performance of the different readers with and without AI

Reader	Sensitivity lesion level (%)			Sensitivity patient level (%)			Specificity patient level (%)			False positives per case
	With AI	Without AI	p	With AI	Without AI	p	With AI	Without AI	p	With AI	Without AI	p
Overall	73.5 (68.3–78.2)	70.1 (64.8–75.0)	0.27	71.2 (65.3–76.6)	66.3 (60.2–72.0)	0.12	95.4 (93.8–96.7)	93.3 (91.4–94.9)	0.04	0.06 (0.05–0.08)	0.09 (0.08–0.11)	0.005
Physicians	78.4 (71.3–84.5)	73.5 (66.0–80.1)	0.03	75.0 (66.7–82.1)	66.7 (57.9–74.6)	0.04	95.1 (92.6–96.9)	93.2 (90.4–95.4)	0.2	0.08 (0.06–0.11)	0.11 (0.08–0.14)	0.01
Neuroradiologist	87.0 (75.1–94.6)	87.0 (75.1–94.6)	0.37	81.8 (67.3–91.8)	72.7 (57.2–85.0)	0.39	93.7 (88.3–97.1)	89.4 (83.2–94.0)	0.18	0.1 (0.06–0.15)	0.1 (0.09–0.20)	0.06
Radiologist	79.6 (66.5–89.4)	74.1 (60.3–85.0)	0.61	79.5 (64.7–90.2)	75.0 (59.7–86.8)	0.62	96.5 (91.2–98.8)	98.6 (95.0–99.8)	0.37	0.03 (0.01–0.06)	0.02 (0.01–0.05)	1
Resident	68.5 (54.4–80.5)	63.0 (48.7–75.7)	0.13	63.4 (47.8–77.6)	52.3 (36.7–67.5)	0.13	95.1 (90.1–97.8)	91.2 (85.7–95.6)	0.23	0.12 (0.08–0.17)	0.17 (0.12–0.23)	0.05
Student A	70.4 (56.4–82.0)	62.3 (48.7–75.7)	0.39	70.5 (54.8–83.2)	70.5 (54.8–83.2)	1	96.8 (91.0–98.4)	94.6 (88.3–97.1)	0.58	0.04 (0.02–0.08)	0.09 (0.05–0.14)	0.45
Student B	68.5 (54.4–80.5)	59.3 (45.0–72.4)	1	65.6 (50.1–79.5)	68.2 (52.4–81.4)	1	97.2 (92.3–99.2)	92.3 (87.4–96.6)	0.08	0.04 (0.02–0.08)	0.08 (0.05–0.13)	0.18
Student C	66.7 (52.3–78.9)	57.4 (43.2–70.1)	0.36	65.9 (50.0–79.5)	59.1 (43.2–73.4)	0.61	94.4 (89.2–97.5)	93.4 (88.3–97.1)	1	0.06 (0.03–0.11)	0.06 (0.03–0.11)	1

Data in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals. AI artificial intelligence