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. 2024 Jun 5;9:35. doi: 10.1186/s41235-024-00562-w

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Experiment 1 Mean proportion correct trials (color/number responses) as a function of target-to-masker ratio (dB). All target sentences were spoken in English; responses with Mandarin-distractor masker shown in gray, and English-distractor masker in black. Responses from English speakers without access to Mandarin shown with hollow circles; responses from bilingual speakers with access to Mandarin shown with filled circles. Error bars show 95% confidence intervals. Chance response is 4%