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. 2024 Jun 5;14:12874. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-62828-z

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Analysis of gene expression modulation by ESS in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells using RNA sequencing. RNA sequencing analysis of RAW 264.7 cells treated with/without LPS or LPS + ESS. (a) Hierarchical clustering analysis for each sample and (b) the number of significant genes for each group is indicated based on fold change and p-value. (c) The heat map shows the KEGG pathway analysis result of RNA sequencing treated with ESS on LPS-treated macrophages. Among altered pathways of the LPS + ESS group vs. the LPS group, cell signaling pathways with significantly different gene expression (p-value < 0.001) between groups were selectively shown.