Table 2.
List of short-term complications by Clavien-Dindo classification.
| Grade I complications | Grade II complications |
| Electrolyte disturbance | Blood transfusion |
| Fever (≥38°C) | Ileus requiring NG tube ± TPN + nausea/vomiting |
| IV complication (infiltration) | Infection/bacteremia treated with Abx ± fever |
| Nausea/vomiting | Infection/pyelonephritis treated with Abx ± fever |
| Neuropraxia (positioning complication) | Infection/superficial wound treated with bedside drainage, Abx ± fever |
| trAnsient elevation in serum creatinine | Infection/UTI treated with Abx ± fever |
| Wound dehiscence | Infection/GI infection with Abx ± fever ± diarrhea |
| incisional seroma | Urinary retention requiring catheterization or indwelling urinary catheter |
| Other grade I | Venous thromboembolism |
| Grade III complications | Lymphocele or chylous ascites treated conservatively with diet changes |
| Abdominal abscess requiring IR/OR drainage, Abx | Other grade II |
| Bowel leak treated surgically in OR | Grade IV complications |
| Catheter malfunction/loss requiring placement in OR | Respiratory failure requiring ventilation, ICU |
| Fascial dehiscence/evisceration treated in OR | Renal failure, ICU |
| Hemorrhage requiring embolization or OR | Multiorgan failure, ICU |
| Small bowel obstruction treated surgically in OR | Sepsis, septic shock, ICU |
| Bile or pancreatic leak requiring IR or OR drainage | Other grade IV |
| Urinoma requiring IR/OR drainage | |
| Ureteral obstruction requiring intervention | Grade V complications |
| Lymphocele or chyle leak requiring IR or OR intervention | Death |
TPN, total parenteral nutrition; NG, nasogastric; abx, antibiotic; UTI, urinary tract infection; IR, interventional radiology; OR, operating room; ICU, intensive care unit.