| Commodity | Existing/proposed MRL | Chronic risk assessment | Acute risk assessment | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Input value (mg/kg) | Comment | Input value (mg/kg) | Comment | ||
| Risk assessment residue definition: lambda cyhalothrin (tentative; EFSA, 2014a ) | |||||
| Citrus fruits | 0.2 | 0.003 | STMR × PeF (EFSA, 2015) | 0.0096 | HR × PeF (EFSA, 2015) |
| Tree nuts | 0.01* | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.01 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Apples | 0.08 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) | 0.05 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) |
| Pears | 0.08 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) | 0.05 | HR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) |
| Medlar | 0.2 | 0.08 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.1 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Loquat | 0.2 | 0.08 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.1 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Quinces | 0.2 | 0.08 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.1 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Apricots | 0.15 | 0.03 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.07 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Cherries | 0.3 | 0.13 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.18 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Peaches | 0.15 | 0.03 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) | 0.07 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Plums | 0.2 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) | 0.10 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Table grapes | 0.08 | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017, a ) | 0.05 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017, a ) |
| Wine grapes | 0.2 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2014a) | 0.09 | HR (EFSA, 2014a) |
| Strawberries | 0.2 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.09 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Cane fruits | 0.2 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.09 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Blueberries, Cranberries | 0.2 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.09 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Currants | 0.2 | 0.06 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.09 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Gooseberries, Rose hips | 0.2 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.09 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Mulberries | 0.2 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.09 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Azaroles, Elderberries | 0.2 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.09 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Table olives | 1 | 0.13 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.42 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Kaki/Japanese persimmons | 0.09 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.04 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Kiwi | 0.05 | 0.0105 | STMR × PeF (EFSA, 2015) | 0.027 | HR × PeF (EFSA, 2015) |
| Avocados | 0.15 | 0.01 | STMR (pulp) (EFSA, 2023b) | 0.01 | HR (pulp) (EFSA, 2023b) |
| Bananas | 0.15 | 0.023 | STMR × PeF (EFSA, 2015) | 0.026 | HR × PeF (EFSA, 2015) |
| Mangoes | 0.2 | 0.014 | STMR × PeF (EFSA, 2015) | 0.0196 | HR × PeF (EFSA, 2015) |
| Potatoes | 0.01* | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.01 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Tropical roots and tuber veg | 0.01* | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.01 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Beetroot | 0.04 | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.03 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Carrots | 0.04 | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.03 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Celeriac | 0.07 | 0.03 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.03 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
|
Horseradish Jerusalem artichokes Parsnips Parsley root Salsify Swedes Turnips |
0.04 | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.03 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Radishes | 0.15 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.05 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Bulb vegetables | 0.2 | 0.05 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.11 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Tomatoes | 0.07 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) | 0.05 | HR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) |
| Peppers | 0.1 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) | 0.06 | HR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) |
| Aubergines | 0.3 | 0.03 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) | 0.18 | HR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) |
| Okra | 0.3 | 0.03 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.18 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Cucumbers | 0.05 | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.03 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Gherkins | 0.15 | 0.04 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.06 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Courgettes | 0.15 | 0.04 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) | 0.06 | HR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) |
| Cucurbits with inedible peel | 0.06 | 0.005 | STMR × PeF (EFSA, 2015, 2017) | 0.02 | STMR × PeF (EFSA, 2015, 2017) |
| Sweet corn | 0.05 | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.03 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Flowering brassica | 0.1 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) | 0.07 | HR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) |
| Brussels sprouts | 0.04 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.02 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Head cabbages | 0.15 | 0.03 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) | 0.09 | HR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) |
| Chinese cabbages | 0.3 | 0.08 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) | 0.13 | HR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) |
| Kohlrabi | 0.01* | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.01 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Lamb's lettuces | 1.5 | 0.34 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.63 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Lettuces | 0.15 | 0.03 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.06 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Escarole | 0.07 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) | 0.04 | HR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) |
| Cresses, Land cresses | 0.7 | 0.23 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.42 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Roman rocket | 0.7 | 0.23 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.42 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Baby leaf crops | 0.7 | 0.23 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.42 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Spinach | 0.6 | 0.20 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) | 0.22 | HR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) |
| Chards/Beet leaves | 0.2 | 0.05 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.08 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Herbs and edible flowers | 0.7 | 0.23 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.42 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Beans with pods | 0.4 | 0.11 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.17 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Beans without pods | 0.2 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.11 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Peas with pods | 0.2 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.11 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Peas without pods | 0.2 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.11 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Lentils | 0.2 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.11 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Asparagus | 0.02 | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.01 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Celeries | 0.2 | 0.05 | STMR (EFSA, 2019b) | 0.09 | HR (EFSA, 2019b) |
| Florence fennels | 0.3 | 0.11 | STMR (EFSA, 2019b) | 0.14 | HR (EFSA, 2019b) |
| Globe artichokes | 0.15 | 0.04 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.07 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Leeks | 0.07 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.04 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Wild fungi | 0.50 | 0.17 | STMR (EFSA, 2015, 2017) | 0.23 | HR (EFSA, 2015, 2017 |
| Pulses | 0.05 | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Oilseeds, except soyabeans | 0.2 | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Soya beans | 0.05 | 0.05 | EU MRL (EFSA, 2015) b | 0.05 | EU MRL (EFSA, 2015) b |
| Olives for oil production | 0.5 | 0.11 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.11 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Barley | 0.5 | 0.09 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.09 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Maize/corn | 0.02 | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Oats | 0.3 | 0.09 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.09 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Rice | 0.2 | 0.04 | STMR (EFSA, 2019b) | 0.04 | STMR (EFSA, 2019b) |
| Sorghum | 0.01* | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Wheat, Rye | 0.05 | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Coffee | 0.01* | 0.01 | STMR (FAO, 2015) | 0.01 | STMR (FAO, 2015) |
| Hops (dried) | 10 | 3.30 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 3.60 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Seed spices | 0.3 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2020) | 0.13 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Fruit spices, except cardamom | 0.3 | 0.02 | STMR (seed spices) (EFSA, 2020) | 0.13 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Cardamom | 2 | 0.28 | STMR (FAO, 2015) | 3.06 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Root and rhizome spices | 0.05 | 0.05 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.05 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Sugar beet roots | 0.01* | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.01 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Sugar canes | 0.05 | 0.02 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.03 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Chicory roots | 0.01* | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.01 | HR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Swine, meat c | 0.15 | 0.23 | STMR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) | 0.52 | HR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) |
| Swine, fat | 3 | 1.00 | STMR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) | 2.2 | HR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) |
| Swine, liver | 0.05 | 0.008 | STMR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) | 0.02 | HR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) |
| Swine, kidney | 0.2 | 0.03 | STMR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) | 0.09 | HR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) |
| Swine, edible offal | 3 | 0.03 | STMR (EFSA, 2020) d | 0.09 | HR (EFSA, 2020) d |
| Ruminant, meat c | 0.15 | 0.23 | STMR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) | 0.52 | HR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) |
| Ruminant, fat | 3 | 1.00 | STMR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) | 2.2 | HR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) |
| Ruminant, liver | 0.05 | 0.008 | STMR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) | 0.02 | HR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) |
| Ruminant, kidney | 0.2 | 0.03 | STMR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) | 0.09 | HR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) |
| Ruminant, edible offal | 3 | 0.03 | STMR (EFSA, 2020) d | 0.09 | HR (EFSA, 2020) d |
| Poultry meat c |
0.03 (proposed tMRL) |
0.03 | Proposed tMRL | 0.03 | Proposed tMRL |
| Poultry fat | 0.06 f | Proposed tMRL (0.03 mg/kg) × relative potency factor (2) g | 0.06 f | Proposed tMRL (0.03 mg/kg) × relative potency factor (2) g | |
| Poultry liver | |||||
| Poultry kidney | |||||
| Poultry, edible offal | |||||
| Equine, other farmed, meat c | 0.15 | 0.23 | STMR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) | 0.52 | HR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) |
| Equine, other farmed, fat | 3 | 1.00 | STMR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) | 2.2 | HR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) |
| Equine, other farmed, liver | 0.05 | 0.008 | STMR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) | 0.2 | HR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) |
| Equine, other farmed, kidney | 0.2 | 0.03 | STMR (FAO, 2009, 2015) | 0.09 | HR (EFSA, 2015; FAO, 2009) |
| Equine, other farmed edible offal | 3 | 0.03 | STMR (EFSA, 2020) d | 0.09 | HR (EFSA, 2020) d |
| Ruminant milk | 0.02 | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) | 0.01 | STMR (EFSA, 2015) |
| Birds' eggs |
0.02 (proposed tMRL) |
0.02 | Proposed tMRL | 0.02 | Proposed tMRL |
| 0.04 f | Proposed tMRL (0.02 mg/kg) × relative potency factor (2) g | 0.04 f | Proposed tMRL (0.02 mg/kg) × relative potency factor (2) g | ||
Abbreviations: HR, highest residue; PeF, peeling factor; STMR, supervised trials median residue.
a
STMR derived from the approved use of gamma‐cyhalothrin was multiplied by a potency factor of 2 to take into account the hazard contribution of gamma‐cyhalothrin to lambda‐cyhalothrin (EFSA, 2017). This was not considered relevant for lambda‐cyhalothrin, and therefore, this potency factor was not applied to the risk assessment of lambda‐cyhalothrin in line with the residue definition for risk assessment.
b
EU MRL implemented in MRL legislation and derived during the MRL review revision (EFSA, 2015)
c
Consumption figures in the EFSA PRIMo are expressed as meat. Since the a.s. is a fat‐soluble pesticides, STMR and HR residue values were calculated considering a 80%/90% muscle and 20%/10% fat content for mammal/poultry meat, respectively (FAO, 2016).
d
For edible offal of mammals, the input values derived for kidney were included in the calculation (EFSA, 2020). It is noted that the existing EU MRL for edible offal of mammals has been established on the basis of a CXL for fat (3 mg/kg). However, since it is unlikely that edible offal will consist purely of fat, the risk assessment values derived for kidney were used for the consumer exposure assessment.
e
MRL proposal derived by EFSA, 2023b; not implemented yet.
f
Value used only in the worst‐case exposure scenario (see Section 3.3), assuming that all residues at the level of proposed temporary MRL consist of gamma‐cyhalothrin.
g
Relative potency factor of 2 applied to take into account the hazard contribution of gamma‐cyhalothrin to lambda‐cyhalothrin.
*
Indicates that the MRL is set at the limit of analytical quantification (LOQ).