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. 2024 Apr 12;331(21):1834–1844. doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.4819

Figure 1. Study Cohort Determination.

Figure 1.

CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; i3C, International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort; and non–HDL-C, non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

aDates of first visits ranged from 1970 to 2007 (in the Minnesota Childhood Cardiovascular Cohorts, 1 set of participants was first recruited in 1995-1996, but 438 siblings of participants had their first study visits between 1997 and 2007).

bExclusion of lipid (or HDL-C) testing in the original study protocols of 2 cohorts in the i3C Consortium is the primary reason for no childhood non–HDL-C measurements. Of the 16 052 participants without childhood non–HDL-C measurements, 14 409 (90%) were from the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study (CDAH) and the Muscatine Study. In CDAH, due to predetermined criteria based on age and logistical constraints, only 21% of participants (1738/8426) had blood samples collected at the only childhood visit in 1985. The Muscatine cohort began in 1970, and the absence of HDL-C measurement prior to 1974 resulted in a reduced subset of children eligible for inclusion (2121/9842) in the current analysis based on the need for HDL-C to calculate non–HDL-C.

cAge at end of follow-up indicates age at time of event, at time of non–CVD death, or at end of follow-up, whichever occurred first.

dSee Table for participant groups by change in non–HDL-C status from childhood to adulthood. There were 7 combined cohorts, with the Australian cohort (Childhood Determinants of Adult Health) ultimately entirely excluded from analysis.

eIncident CVD included the first occurrence of adjudicated myocardial infarction, stroke, transient ischemic attack, ischemic heart failure, angina, peripheral artery disease, carotid intervention, abdominal aortic aneurysm, or coronary revascularization, as well as CVD deaths. Adjudication of deidentified medical records for CVD events was conducted by 2 physicians blinded to participant identity, with disagreements settled by the adjudication committee (eAppendix in Supplement 1).