Figure 4. Hazard Ratios for Adult CVD Events According to 9 Categories of Change in Non–HDL-C Status Between Childhood and Adulthood.

CVD indicates cardiovascular disease; non–HDL-C, non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. To convert non–HDL-C from mg/dL to mmol/L, divide values by 38.67. See Figure 2 legend for conditions included in incident CVD events. There were 147 incident CVD events (5121 participants; incidence rate, 3.23 per 1000 person-years).

^aThese groupings considered all major combinations of child and adult non–HDL-C status groups (ie, normal, elevated, and dyslipidemia at both time points). From the groupings in the Table and Figure 3, the nondyslipidemia group in childhood or adulthood was further split into normal lipid level and elevated lipid level groups, creating 3 categories for non–HDL-C status at each age period and 9 categories for change in non–HDL-C status between childhood and adulthood. Childhood and adulthood individual means of non–HDL-C levels for each participant were used to classify risk status. Non–HDL-C cutoffs of ≥120 mg/dL and ≥150 mg/dL, respectively, were used to define childhood and adulthood elevated levels, and 145 mg/dL and 190 mg/dL, respectively, to define childhood and adulthood dyslipidemia.

^bCohort-stratified cause-specific hazard models were used, and analyses were weighted by the inverse of probability of being included in analysis and adjusted for sex, Black race, mean age at and calendar year of childhood measurement, childhood smoking, mean age- and sex-specified z scores for body mass index and systolic blood pressure, adult smoking, and change in z scores for body mass index and systolic blood pressure between childhood and adulthood.