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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 5.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2022 Apr 19;27(4):101347. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2022.101347

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Definition of oxidative stress and the imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) can have acute and chronic effects. Please see text for details. Copyright Satyan Lakshminrusimha.