Table 1.

Characteristics of participants

Variables	Total sample (N = 499)	Clinic sample (n = 318 [63.7%])	Online sample (n = 181 [36.3%])
	Mean ± SD (range) or N (%)	Mean ± SD (range) or n (%)	Mean ± SD (range) or n (%)	P-value	Cohen’s d coefficient
Age, years	39.8 ± 11.1 (20–74)	38.6 ± 10.5 (20–66)	41.8 ± 11.9 (20–74)	0.003
Female sex	199 (39.9)	101 (31.8)	98 (54.1)	< 0.001
Marital status: married	270 (54.1)	173 (54.4)	97 (53.6)	0.861
Employment status: employed or student	426 (85.4)	287 (90.3)	139 (76.8)	< 0.001
Diagnosis: CD	307 (61.5)	235 (73.9)	72 (39.8)	< 0.001
Ileitis	66 (21.6)	50 (21.3)	16 (22.5)
Colitis	61 (19.9)	52 (22.1)	9 (12.7)
Ileocolitis	179 (58.5)	133 (56.6)	46 (64.8)
Diagnosis: UC	192 (38.5)	83 (26.1)	109 (60.2)	< 0.001
Proctitis	41 (21.6)	8 (9.6)	33 (30.8)
Left-sided colitis	55 (28.9)	30 (36.1)	25 (23.4)
Pancolitis	94 (49.5)	45 (54.2)	49 (45.8)
Disease duration, years	12.1 ± 8.3 (0–43)	13.4 ± 7.2 (1–40)	9.9 ± 9.6 (0–43)	< 0.001
Current treatment
Immunosuppressive drugs	93 (18.6)	52 (16.4)	41 (22.7)	0.091
Biologics	331 (66.3)	246 (77.4)	85 (47.0)	< 0.001
IBD-SES
Total score [29–290]		167.7 ± 44.5	158.3 ± 42.9	0.021	0.21
Managing stress and emotions [9–90]		46.1 ± 17.4	40.1 ± 16.6	< 0.001	0.35
Managing medical care [8–80]		58.2 ± 16.1	59.4 ± 14.7	0.397	0.08
Managing symptoms and disease [7–70]		36.9 ± 12.9	34.5 ± 12.0	0.037	0.19
Maintaining remission [5–50]		26.5 ± 9.0	24.3 ± 8.2	0.007	0.25
DLS
Total score [18–90]		31.7 ± 13.4	36.9 ± 14.7	< 0.001	0.37
Difficulties of life in society [9–45]		14.0 ± 6.8	17.5 ± 7.9	< 0.001	0.48
Difficulties concerning bowel movements [7–35]		13.1 ± 5.8	13.6 ± 6.0	0.336	0.09
Decline of vitality or vigor [2-10]		4.5 ± 2.3	5.8 ± 2.2	< 0.001	0.58

CD, Crohn’s disease; DLS, difficulty of life scale; IBD-SES, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self-Efficacy Scale; SD, standard deviation; UC ulcerative colitis