TABLE 4.

Relationship between risk factors and sensory dysfunction among preschool children with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental delays or disabilities in the Study to Explore Early Development Phases 1–3.

	Sensory diagnosis		Unusual sensory interests		Negative response to noise		Idiosyncratic response to certain stimuli
	ASD	DD	ASD	DD	ASD	DD	ASD	DD
	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)	aOR (95% CI)
Preterm birth
No (REF)
Yes	1.24	0.91	1.28	0.89	0.77	0.66	0.88	0.58
	(0.92, 1.67)	(0.61, 1.35)	(0.88, 1.87)	(0.59, 1.34)	(0.58, 1.03)	(0.43, 1.01)	(0.67, 1.15)	(0.36, 0.96)
Neonatal jaundice
No (REF)
Yes	1.40	1.53	1.08	1.37	1.22	1.50	1.18	1.54
	(1.12, 1.76)	(1.10, 2.11)	(0.83, 1.40)	(0.97, 1.95)	(0.98, 1.52)	(1.04, 2.17)	(0.97, 1.44)	(1.05, 2.28)
Maternal anxiety during pregnancy
No (REF)
Yes	1.73	1.88	1.60	1.29	1.49	1.82	1.45	1.80
	(1.22, 2.46)	(1.14, 3.12)	(0.97, 2.62)	(0.70, 2.38)	(1.00, 2.21)	(0.92, 3.58)	(1.05, 2.02)	(0.96, 3.37)
Pregnancy weight gain recommendations
Met (REF)
Above	1.15	1.24	1.20	1.52	0.97	1.09	1.02	1.11
	(0.90, 1.47)	(0.87, 1.76)	(0.91, 1.58)	(1.03, 2.23)	(0.77, 1.23)	(0.76, 1.62)	(0.83, 1.26)	(0.72, 1.71)
Below	0.93	1.06	1.15	0.94	0.95	1.11	1.03	1.03
	(0.67, 1.29)	(0.67, 1.69)	(0.79, 1.66)	(0.60, 1.48)	(0.70, 1.29)	(0.69, 1.78)	(0.78, 1.36)	(0.61, 1.73)

Note: Models adjusted for child age, child sex, household income relative to federal poverty threshold, maternal education, maternal race/ethnicity, and early learning composite score.

Abbreviations: aOR, adjusted odds ratio; ASD, autism spectrum disorder; CI, confidence interval; DD, other developmental delay or disability.