Table 2.
Baseline demographics and characteristics of included articles
| Study (year) | Study design | Country | Sample size | Asleep | Awake | Age, mean ± SD | Male/female | Disease duration, mean ± SD | Comorbidity, mean ± SD | H&Y stage, mean ± SD | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| asleep | awake | asleep | awake | asleep | awake | asleep | awake | asleep | awake | |||||||
| 1 | Gadot et al. [22] (2022) | Retrospective with comparison | USA | 122 | 52 | 70 | 59.0±9.0 | 61.0±8 | 40±12 | 51±19 | 10.2±3.4 | 10.7±4.7 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 2 | Lee et al. [23] (2022) | Retrospective with comparison | USA | 218 | 144 (STN: 55 GPi: 89 | 74 (STN: 51 GPi: 23) | 64.2±8.8 | 64.2±8.1 | 90±54 | 53±21 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 3 | Jiang et al. [15] (2021) | Retrospective with comparison | China | 68 | 35 | 33 | 56.3±9.1 | 56.4±9.2 | 25±10 * | 18±5* | 9.20±2.7 | 9.67±3.26 | NR | NR | 2.4±0.7 | 2.4±0.5 |
| 4 | Holewijn et al. [13] (2021) | RCT | American | 110 | 54 | 56 | 61.3±7.9 | 60.0±7.4 | 38±16 | 40±16 | 10.6±5.0 | 10.8±5.3 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 5 | Engelhardt et al. [14] (2020) | RCT | France | 30 | 20 | 9 (1 did not undergoDBS) | 60.0±7.4* | 63.0±8.9* | 14±6 | 6±3 | 12±7.3* | 10±1.48* | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 6 | Senemmar et al. [24] (2020) | Retrospective with comparison | Germany | 104 | 80 | 24 | 63.0±NR | 58.4±NR | NR | NR | 9.2±NR | 9.3±NR | NR | NR | 2.6±NR | 2.5±NR |
| 7 | Tsai et al. [4] (2019) | Case control with compare arms | China (Taiwan) | 50 | 36 | 14 | 47.5±9.0 | 39.6±12.9 | 15±7 | 12±2 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 8 | Mirzadeh et al. [25] (2018) | Retrospective with comparison | USA | 323 | 168 | 155 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 9 | Chen et al. [5] (2018) | Retrospective with comparison | USA | 133 | 103 (Gpi: 62, STN: 41) | 30 (Gpi: 16, STN: 14) | 64.0*±8.4* | 63.0*±10.6* | 73*±30* | 19*±11* | 8.8*±4.4* | 9.5*±8.8* | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 10 | Lefranc et al. [1] (2017) | Retrospective | France | 23 | 13 | 10 | 62.8±7.1 | 63.1±10 | 9±13 | 5±5 | 12.1±3.5 | 12.6±3.6 | NR | NR | 2.8±0.6 | 2.9±0.5 |
| 11 | Brodsky et al. [11] (2017) | Case control with compare arms | Portland | 69 | 30 (STN: 7, Gpi: 23) | 39 (STN: 18, Gpi: 21) | 63.7±9.8 | 63.1±7.6 | 20±10 | 26±13 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 12 | Blasberg et al. [26] (2017) | Retrospective with comparison | Germany | 96 | 48 | 48 | 65.8±1.2 | 65.5±1.1 | 33±15 | 34±14 | 11.7±0.8 | 10.9±0.8 | 3±48 | 4±49 | 3.0±0.1 | 3.0±0.1 |
| 13 | Ko et al. [27] (2015) | Retrospective with comparison | USA | 371 | 324 | 47 | 67.0±43.7* | 67±23.7* | 198±126 | 35±12 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 14 | Saleh et al. [8] (2015) | Retrospective with comparison | USA | 37 | 14 | 23 | 64.0±11.9 | 60.6±7.0 | 8±6 | 13±11 | 10.9±3.8 | 11.3±4.9 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 15 | Nakajima et al. [28] (2010) | Retrospective with comparison | United Kingdom | 82 | 14 | 68 | 56.1±6.5 | 57.5±7.0 | 8±6 | 45±23 | 13.8±8.1 | 15.2±8.1 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 16 | Sutcliffe et al. [9] (2008) | Retrospective with comparison | United Kingdom | 46 | 26 | 20 | 58.0±16.3* | 56.3±4.9* | 21±5 | 12±8 | 8.9±2.7* | 10.9±6.6* | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 17 | Yamada et al. [3] (2007) | Retrospective with comparison | Japan | 25 | 15 | 10 | 65.2±7 | 65.6±8.6 | 6±9 | 3±7 | 11.1±5.0 | 6.8±2.4 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 18 | Lefaucheur et al. [6] (2007) | RCT | United Kingdom | 54 | N: 30 | 24 | 57.7±11.1 | 61.2±8.1 | NR | NR | 14.0±4.0 | 14.2±4.8 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| 19 | Maltête et al. [2] (2004) | Retrospective with comparison | France | 30 | N: 15 | 15 | 59.0±8.0 | 58.0±6.1 | 11/4 | 9/6 | 13.4±3.7 | 13.5±2.6 | NR | NR | NR | NR |
| Overall: frequency/mean (95% CI) | 1,991 | 1,221 | 769 | 60.7 (58.4, 63) | 60.4 (58, 62.9) | 609/329 | 381/176 | 10.9 (10, 11.9) | 11.2 (10, 12.4) | 3/48 | 4/49 | 2.7 (2.5, 3) | 2.8 (2.4, 3.1) | |||
DBS, deep brain stimulation; N, number; GPi, Globus pallidus internus; H&Y, Hoehn and Yar stage; SD, standard deviation; STN, subthalamic nucleus; RCT, randomized controlled trial; NR, not recorded.
*Calculated value.