Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to LVEF
| Variables | Total (n = 972) | LVEF | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HFrEF | HFpEF+HFmrEF | |||
| n = 406 | n = 566 | |||
| Basic characteristics | ||||
| Male, n (%) | 597 (61.42) | 285 (70.20) | 312 (55.12) | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 67.00±12.29 | 64.12±12.08 | 69.07±12.04 | <0.001 |
| HR, beats/min | 84.18±20.94 | 85.20±19.29 | 83.45±22.04 | 0.201 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 122.31±22.51 | 117.45±19.47 | 125.81±23.86 | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.98±3.73 | 22.75±3.74 | 23.15±3.72 | 0.100 |
| NYHA grade, n (%) | 328 (33.74) | 155 (38.18) | 173 (30.57) | 0.013 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Coronary disease, n (%) | 500 (51.44) | 189 (46.55) | 311 (54.95) | 0.01 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 543 (55.86) | 183 (45.07) | 360 (63.60) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 266 (27.37) | 96 (23.65) | 170 (30.04) | 0.028 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 341 (35.08) | 112 (27.59) | 229 (40.46) | <0.001 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 133 (13.68) | 46 (11.33) | 87 (15.37) | 0.071 |
| Laboratory indicators | ||||
| LgBNP | 3.16±0.27 | 3.28±0.26 | 3.08±0.26 | <0.001 |
| WBC (109/L) | 6.76 (5.44–8.60) | 6.63 (5.33–8.14) | 6.88 (5.50–9.10) | 0.022 |
| RBC (1012/L) | 4.42±0.84 | 4.35±0.91 | 4.47±0.78 | 0.033 |
| Hb, g/L | 133.56±24.70 | 131.37±25.58 | 135.13±23.92 | 0.02 |
| RDW, % | 14.80±1.89 | 14.87±1.80 | 14.75±1.94 | 0.344 |
| Hb/RDW ratio | 9.20±2.12 | 9.01±2.19 | 9.33±2.06 | 0.019 |
| PLT (109/L) | 192.00 (147.00–241.75) | 184.50 (142.00–138.00) | 198.00 (149.75–245.00) | 0.042 |
| Potassium, mmol/L | 3.92±0.60 | 3.94±0.57 | 3.91±0.62 | 0.444 |
| Sodium, mmol/L | 141.26±4.24 | 141.17±4.17 | 141.32±4.30 | 0.584 |
| Chloride, mmol/L | 103.23±4.52 | 102.97±4.33 | 103.41±4.64 | 0.132 |
| Alb, g/L | 37.05±4.79 | 37.49±4.33 | 36.74±5.07 | 0.016 |
| Glb, g/L | 31.30±5.88 | 30.86±5.81 | 31.62±5.90 | 0.046 |
| ALT, IU/L | 24.30 (16.30–40.00) | 25.80 (17.10–45.30) | 23.50 (15.23–37.00) | 0.003 |
| AST, IU/L | 27.00 (20.00–41.00) | 28.30 (21.00–43.28) | 26.20 (19.60–40.00) | 0.037 |
| UA, μmol/L | 477.10 (369.00–588.40) | 514.7 (416.98–632.88) | 446.10 (353.85–557.55) | <0.001 |
| TC, mmol/L | 3.67±0.99 | 3.66±0.97 | 3.68±1.01 | 0.753 |
| eGFR, mL/min | 45.80±19.10 | 44.30±14.68 | 44.48±20.72 | 0.905 |
| LgD-dimer | 2.77±0.52 | 2.82±0.50 | 2.73±0.53 | 0.008 |
| ECG parameters and cardiac ultrasound index | ||||
| QRS wave, ms | 106 (95–130) | 116 (100–150) | 102 (92–119) | <0.001 |
| LAd, mm | 42.64±9.41 | 44.14±8.42 | 41.57±9.93 | <0.001 |
| LVDd, mm | 56.41±12.13 | 63.59±10.27 | 51.30±10.68 | <0.001 |
| RAd, mm | 52.42±12.34 | 53.45±11.91 | 51.68±12.60 | 0.029 |
| RVd, mm | 70 (63–78) | 74 (66–81) | 68 (62–75) | <0.001 |
| LVEF, % | 43 (33–58) | 31 (26–35) | 55.5 (46–66) | <0.001 |
| Drug conditions | ||||
| SGLT-2I, n (%) | 188 (19.34) | 79 (19.46) | 109 (19.26) | 0.938 |
| β-Receptor blockers, n (%) | 742 (76.34) | 300 (73.89) | 442 (78.09) | 0.129 |
| Diuretics, n (%) | 796 (81.89) | 323 (79.56) | 473 (83.57) | 0.109 |
| ACEI/ARB/ARNI, n (%) | 526 (54.12) | 198 (48.77) | 328 (57.95) | 0.092 |
Normally distributed continuous variables were compared between groups by the independent-sample t test, and non-normally distributed data were compared using the Mann-Whitney U rank-sum test. The χ2 test was used to compare categorical variables between groups.
NYHA grade, NYHA IV grade; TC, total cholesterol; SGLT-2I, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor-enkephalinase inhibitor.
p values compare the HFpEF + HFmrEF group with the HFrEF group. p < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.