Table 1.

Models of Takotsubo syndrome categorised by trigger and animal (51 reports).

Transaortic constriction on gene-modified mouse (74, 75)

Pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in rat (64, 76)

High dose of catecholamine in:

•Mouse (16, 72, 77–85) •Rat (11–15, 23, 86–103) •Monkey (9) •Gene-modified mouse (104) •Subarachnoid haemorrhage in rabbit (105)

High dose of PDE-3 inhibitor in rat (106)

Low-moderate dose of catecholamine in:

•Rat (10, 107, 108) •Transfected rat (109) •Refined model in rat (110)

Immobilization in rat (8, 111, 112)