Table 2.
RAR/RXR target genes involved in hepatic lipid metabolism.
| Target gene | Regulation | Function | Species | Cell type | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FGF21 (RAR/RAR) | Stimulation | The hepatokine for promotion of fatty acid oxidation and suppression of lipid synthesis | Human | Hepatoma (hepG2) | [44] |
| Mice | Hepatocytes | [44] | |||
| FGF19 (Fgf15 in rodent) (RAR/RXR) | Stimulation | The gut-derived hormone for suppression of lipogenesis and induction of fatty acid β-oxidation | Human | Ileum (HT-29 cell, caco-2 cell) | [45,46] |
| Apolipoprotein C-III (RAR/RXR, RXR/RXR) | Stimulation | The protein for inhibition of hepatic uptake of triglyceride-rich particles | Human | Hepatoma (Hep3B cells) | [48] |
| Mice | Preadipocyte | [95] | |||
| Hes6 (RAR/RXR) | Stimulation | Transcriptional repressor for inhibition of HNF-4α transcriptional activity, subsequently repress HNF-4α-activated PPAR-γ2 expression | Mice | Hepatocytes | [49] |
| Apolipoprotein A-I (RAR/RXR) | Stimulation | The plasma protein for cholesterol and other lipids transportation in the plasma | Human | Hepatoma (HepG2) | [50] |
| ABCA1 (RAR/RXR) | Stimulation | The membrane protein for the efflux of cholesterol and phospholipids to lipidpoor apolipoproteins, generating nascent HDL particles. | Human | Macrophages (THP-1) | [53] |
| Mice | Macrophages | [52] | |||
| ABCG1 (RAR/RXR) | Stimulation | The membrane protein for promoting cholesterol efflux from macrophages to HDL particles | Human | Macrophages (THP-1) | [53] |
| CYP27A1 (RAR/RXR) | Stimulation | The enzyme for degradation of cholesterol to bile acids | Human | Macrophages (THP-1) | [54-57] |
| CPT1 (RAR/RXR) | Stimulation | The rate-limiting enzyme in long chain fatty acyl-CoA uptake and oxidation in mitochondria | Mice | Hepatocytes | [96] |