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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jun 5.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Environ Eng. 2019 Feb 4;6(1):74–94. doi: 10.2174/2212717806666190204103455

Table 2.

Summary of Natural Hazard Calculations. For each natural hazard type, the class of data is either historic (based on previous exposures to land area) or modeled (some combination of historic or land-characteristic data used to create exposure probabilities). Spatial extent explains the methods used to create data for the exposure calculations.

Natural Hazard Type Class Spatial Extent Exposure Calculation
Hurricane Historic and Modeled Buffer of 100 miles surrounding tracks for storms > Category 1. Proportion of each land-use classification used to estimate exposure extent.
Tornado Historic and Modeled Adaptive buffer based on path width data and mapped tornado tracks. Proportion of each land-use classification used to estimate exposure extent.
Earthquake Modeled w/Historic USGS Modeled data -historic events and probability of event exceeding 0.1g PGA. Proportion of each land-use classification used to estimate exposure extent.
Fire Historic Ignition sites of historic fires with adaptive buffer using total burn acreage. Proportion of each land-use classification used to estimate exposure extent.
Drought Historic U.S. Drought monitor database extents for 5-year period in four categories (D1-D4) Proportion of each land-use classification used to estimate exposure extent.
Wind Historic Entire county used as extent. Avg. number of damaging wind events (>50 mph) per year within the county.
Hail Historic Entire county used as extent. Avg. number of damaging hail events (0.75”) per year within the county.
Landslide Modeled w/Historic USGS historic landslide incidence and susceptibility based on slope and terrain types. Proportion of each land-use classification used to estimate exposure extent.
Temperature Extremes (high and low temperature deviations) Historic Entire county used as extent. The avg. deviation of annual min and max val. from the 32-year average high and low temps.
Inland Flood Modeled 0.5-mile buffer around inland waterways (rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, etc.) Proportion of each land-use classification used to estimate exposure extent.
Coastal Flood (SLR/Storm) Modeled Buffer along all coastal counties for land within 2 feet of current sea level at mean high tide. Proportion of each land-use classification used to estimate exposure extent.