Table 2.
Pooled Risk Estimates for Firefighter Cancer Incidence by Type: US vs. Other Locations
| All Studies | US Studies | Non-US Studies | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CancerType | Risk Estimate (95% CI) | Risk Estimate (95% CI) | Risk Estimate (95% CI) |
| [N of Studies] | [N of Studies] | [N of Studies] | |
| All Cancers | 1.025 (0.977 – 1.075) [7] | 1.090 (1.060 – 1.120) [1] | 1.008 (0.951 – 1.068) [6] |
| Bladder | 1.050 (0.961 – 1.147) [10] | 1.055 (0.942 – 1.181) [4] | 1.030 (0.875 – 1.212) [6] |
| Bone | 1.068 (0.656 – 1.740) [4] | 0.720 (0.360 – 1.440) [1] | 1.571 (0.792 – 3.120) [3] |
| Brain | 1.052 (0.900 – 1.231) [10] | 1.202 (0.966 – 1.496) [4] | 0.891 (0.748 – 1.060) [6] |
| OtherCNS | --- | --- | 1.073 (0.786 – 1.465) [2] |
| Meninges | --- | --- | 1.22 (0.637 – 2.339) [1] |
| Breast | 1.134 (0.718 – 1.791) [4] | 0.984 (0.640 – 1.515) [3] | 2.171 (0.893 – 5.274) [1] |
| Buccal Cavityand Pharynx | |||
| Multiple Sites1 | 0.907 (0.845 – 0.974) [3] | 0.904 (0.840 – 0.974) [1] | 0.950 (0.722 – 1.250) [1] |
| Oral/Buccal Cavity/Mouth | 1.099 (0.575 – 2.098) [5] | 0.824 (0.513 - 1.322) [2] | 1.548 (0.390 – 6.142) [3] |
| Lip | 1.094 (0.801 – 1.495) [5] | 1.374 (0.881 – 2.144) [2] | 0.877 (0.566 – 1.360) [3] |
| Tongue | 1.255 (0.928 – 1.616) [3] | 1.181 (0.820 – 1.700) [1] | 1.288 (0.841 – 1.972) [2] |
| Salivary | 1.493 (1.011 – 2.206) [3] | 1.30 (0.751 – 2.250) [1] | 1.721 (0.989 – 2.998) [2] |
| Pharynx | 0.999 (0.789 – 1.265) [3] | 1.06 (0.749 – 1.499) [1] | 0.950 (0.688 – 1.311) [2] |
| Oropharynx | --- | --- | 1.90 (0.382 – 9.461) [1] |
| Nasopharynx | --- | 1.310 (0.321 – 5.340) [1] | ---- |
| Hypopharynx | --- | --- | 3.099 (0.580 – 16.556) [1] |
| Colon | 1.055 (0.953 – 1.167) [9] | 1.12 (1.024 – 1.227) [4] | 0.968 (0.792 – 1.183) [5] |
| Esophagus | 1.018 (0.778 – 1.331) [9] | 1.115 (0.726 – 1.712) [4] | 0.929 (0.732 – 1.178) [5] |
| Eye | 0.880 (0.473 – 1.638) [2] | 0.880 (0.419 – 1.846) [1] | 0.880 (0.281 – 2.753) [1] |
| Hodgkin’s Disease | 1.271 (0.934 – 1.729) [7] | 1.022 (0.757 – 1.382) [3] | 1.587 (1.012 – 2.489) [4] |
| Kidney | 1.122 (1.035 – 1.231) [11] | 1.169 (1.063 – 1.285) [4] | 1.056 (0.901 – 1.237) [6] |
| Renal Pelvis | --- | 1.459 (0.787 – 2.708) [1]3 | --- |
| Large Intestine | 1.185 (1.090 – 1.288) [2] | 1.210 (1.091 – 1.343) [1] | 1.140 (0.992 – 1.310) [1] |
| Larynx | 0.724 (0.565 – 0.926) [7] | 0.611 (0.446 – 0.837) [3] | 0.924 (0.712 – 1.198) [4] |
| Leukemia | 1.018 (0.906 – 1.145) [9] | 1.064 (0.855 – 1.325) [4] | 0.952 (0.797 – 1.139) [5] |
| Lymphatic | --- | --- | 0.910 (0.549 – 1.509) [1] |
| Myeloid | --- | --- | 0.760 (0.398 – 1.452) [1] |
| Liver | 0.837 (0.0731 – 0.959) [9] | 0.918 (0.651 – 1.296) [3] | 0.821 (0.690 – 0.977) [6]2 |
| Gallbladder | --- | --- | 1.196 (0.818 – 1.747) [3] |
| Lung | 0.922 (0.83 – 1.024) [13] | 0.965 (0.793 – 1.176) [4] | 0.888 (0.799 – 0.987) [9] |
| Multiple Myeloma | 0.982 (0.813 – 1.187) [9] | 0.925 (0.685 – 1.249) [4] | 1.077 (0.860 – 1.349) [5] |
| Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma | 1.017 (0.925 – 1.117) [10] | 1.013 (0.869 – 1.181) [4] | 1.029 (0.900 – 1.177) [6] |
| Other Male Genital Organs | 0.884 (0.551 – 1.417) [4] | 0.659 (0.425 – 1.021) [2] | 1.303 (0.743 – 2.285) [2] |
| Pancreas | 1.041 (0.933 – 1.161) [9] | 0.923 (0.778 – 1.096) [3] | 1.154 (0.994 – 1.340) [6] |
| Pleura (mesothelioma) | 1.528 (1.174 – 1.989) [7] | 1.670 (1.130 – 2.468) [3] | 1.344 (0.957 – 1.888) [4] |
| Prostate | 1.151 (1.048 – 1.263) [11] | 1.208 (1.004 – 1.453) [4] | 1.117 (0.999 – 1.248) [7] |
| Rectum | 1.065 (0.983 – 1.154) [8] | 1.048 (0.937 – 1.172) [3] | 1.083 (0.966 – 1.216) [5] |
| Skin | 1.083 (0.905 – 1.297) [4] | 1.040 (0.768 – 1.408) [1] | 1.089 (0.858 – 1.384) [3] |
| Malignant Melanoma | 1.448 (1.284 – 1.634) [7] | 1.609 (1.454 – 1.779) [2] | 1.340 (1.142 – 1.571) [5] |
| Small Intestine | 1.270 (0.888 – 1.816) [3] | 1.150 (0.692 – 1.911) [1] | 1.507 (0.739 – 3.076) [2] |
| Soft Tissue Sarcoma | 1.034 (0.836 – 1.279) [5] | 1.028 (0.801 – 1.319) [3] | 1.051 (0.699 – 1.582) [2] |
| Stomach | 1.012 (0.883 – 1.160) [10] | 0.934 (0.765 – 1.141) [4] | 1.079 (0.885 – 1.316) [6] |
| Testis | 1.219 (0.976 – 1.523) [8] | 1.247 (0.883 – 1.759) [4] | 1.167 (0.832 – 1.638) [4] |
| Thyroid | 1.298 (0.975 – 1.727) [8] | 1.403 (0.820 – 2.401) [3] | 1.175 (0.916 – 1.506) [5] |
Note: Bold texts indicated statistically significant effect sizes (i.e., 95% confidence interval does not include 1.0); 1. Risk estimates for multiple sites within Buccal Cavity and Pharynx (e.g., Lip, Oral Cavity, and Pharynx); 2. Three non-US studies reported liver and gallbladder incidence separately. The first effect sizes represent either liver and gallbladder or liver only. The second effect sizes represent gallbladder only.