Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by sex.
| Variable |
Male 38,546 (54 %) |
Female 32,419 (46 %) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 62 ± 18 | 65 ± 18 | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension | 11,800 (31 %) | 10,106 (31 %) | 0.1 |
| Dyslipidaemia | 9244 (24 %) | 7172 (22 %) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 7375 (19 %) | 5203 (16 %) | < 0.001 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 9740 (25 %) | 3485 (11 %) | < 0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3937 (10 %) | 3671 (11 %) | < 0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 3012 (8 %) | 2221 (7 %) | < 0.001 |
| Stroke | 1810 (4.7 %) | 1467 (4.5 %) | 0.26 |
| Obesity | 2126 (5.5 %) | 1749 (5.4 %) | 0.46 |
| Malignancy | 1912 (5 %) | 1681 (5.2 %) | 0.17 |
| Echocardiographic characteristics | |||
| Septal thickness (mm) | 11.1 ± 2 | 10.3 ± 2 | < 0.001 |
| Septal thickness /BSA (mm/m2) | 6 ± 1.4 | 5.6 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 |
| LVM (gr) | 199 ± 67 | 155 ± 52 | < 0.001 |
| LVM /BSA (gr/m2) | 102 ± 33 | 89 ± 29 | < 0.001 |
| LVEDd /BSA (mm/m2) | 26.3 ± 4 | 25.6 ± 4 | < 0.001 |
| LVESd /BSA (mm/m2) | 17 ± 4 | 16 ± 4 | < 0.001 |
| Ejection fraction (%) | 55 ± 9 | 58 ± 6 | < 0.001 |
| LA volume /BSA (ml/m2) | 37 ± 15 | 36 ± 15 | 0.08 |
| AS ≥ moderate | 1441 (4 %) | 1446 (5 %) | < 0.001 |
| MR ≥ moderate | 1413 (4 %) | 1113 (3 %) | 0.1 |
| E/A | 1.2 ± 1 | 1.1 ± 1 | < 0.001 |
| E/e' average | 10.4 ± 5 | 11.7 ± 6 | < 0.001 |
LVM, left ventricular mass; BSA, body surface area; LVEDd, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVESd, left ventricular end systolic diameter; LA, left atrium; AS, aortic stenosis; MR, mitral regurgitation; Variables are n (%); mean ± SD.