Table 1.

Participant demographic data

Characteristic	Type 1 diabetes	Control group	p value
N	30	30
No. male/female	16/14	16/14
Age, years	38.2±12.0	37.6±12.1	0.84
HbA1c, mmol/mol	58.5±9.1	33.5±2.3	<0.001
HbA1c, %	7.5±3.0	5.2±2.4	<0.001
BMI, kg/m2	25.2±3.7	24.7±4.6	0.656
$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{\text{2peak}}$, ml kg−1 min−1	38.8±9.5	42.4±12.4	0.205
Age at diagnosis, years	18.2±8.6	_
Range, years	8–35
Diabetes duration, years	20.0±13.0	_
Range, years	3–47
Method of control, MDI/CSII	15/15	_
Total cholesterol, mmol/l	4.6±0.7	4.1±0.9	0.017712
Triglycerides, mmol/l	1.0±0.4	0.7±0.3	0.004876
HDL-cholesterol, mmol/l	1.6±0.4	1.6±0.3	0.897524
Total/HDL-cholesterol ratio	3.1±0.9	2.7±0.8	0.061241
Non-HDL-cholesterol, mmol/l	3.0±0.7	2.5±0.9	0.017246

Data are presented as mean ± SD

p value from independent samples t test

CSII, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; MDI, multiple daily injection of insulin