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. 2024 Jun 5;15:4771. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-49051-0

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Apoptosis fold change in zAvatars derived from patients with no-progression (N = 33 patients, a total of 667 zAvatars analyzed) is significantly higher than zAvatars derived from patients with progression (N = 22 patients, a total of 518 zAvatars analyzed); total N = 55 patients, p < 0.0001. b The same trend was observed in stage II/III patients: N = 26 patients with no-progression (530 zAvatars analyzed) vs N = 6 patients with progression (137 zAvatars analyzed); total N = 32 patients, p = 0.0363; and (c) in stage IV patients: N = 7 patients with no-progression (137 zAvatars analyzed) vs N = 16 patients with progression (381 zAvatars analyzed); total N = 23 patients, p = 0.0099. Results are expressed as AVG ± SEM. N = number of patients. Data were analyzed using unpaired two-sided Mann–Whitney test: (ns) > 0.05, *p ≦ 0.05, **p ≦ 0.01, ****p ≦ 0.0001. d ROC analysis of the average fold change of apoptosis for both no-progression (N = 33 patients) and progression patients (N = 22 patients) of all 55 patients. The area under the curve was 0.839, supporting the ability of the zAvatar-test to discriminate no-progression from progression patients. e A cut-off value of 1.34 was identified as the optimal threshold, with 91% specificity and 76% sensitivity (N = 55 patients). f Confusion matrix displays the number of patients with actual and predicted responses in zAvatars, i.e., sensitive (S) are zAvatars whose fold induction of apoptosis was >1.34, while zAvatars with fold induction of apoptosis ≤1.34 are classified as resistant (R). g Values for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.