Table 2.
Performance of machine learning classifiers and AMP-RNNpro on feature encoding methods.
| Descriptor | Classifier | Accuracy (%) | MCC (%) | K (%) | PR (%) | FS (%) | Sn (%) | Sp (%) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAC | EX | 95.19 | 90.58 | 90.36 | 95.19 | 95.19 | 98.50 | 92.42 | < 0.01 |
| RF | 94.67 | 89.50 | 89.31 | 94.67 | 94.67 | 97.75 | 92.09 | < 0.01 | |
| KNN | 92.02 | 84.80 | 84.10 | 92.02 | 92.02 | 98.30 | 86.77 | < 0.01 | |
| XGB | 75.86 | 53.09 | 52.15 | 75.86 | 75.86 | 83.88 | 69.15 | < 0.01 | |
| Voting | 86.62 | 74.18 | 73.38 | 86.62 | 86.62 | 93.39 | 80.95 | < 0.01 | |
| AMP-RNNpro | 95.17 | 90.43 | 90.30 | 95.17 | 95.17 | 97.60 | 93.14 | < 0.01 | |
| ASDC | EX | 95.42 | 90.95 | 90.81 | 95.42 | 95.42 | 98.00 | 93.26 | < 0.01 |
| RF | 95.24 | 90.58 | 90.44 | 95.24 | 95.24 | 97.80 | 93.09 | < 0.01 | |
| KNN | 91.54 | 83.98 | 83.16 | 91.54 | 91.54 | 98.40 | 85.81 | < 0.01 | |
| XGB | 88.97 | 78.23 | 77.93 | 88.97 | 88.97 | 92.69 | 85.85 | < 0.01 | |
| Voting | 93.07 | 86.47 | 86.14 | 93.07 | 93.07 | 97.20 | 89.62 | < 0.01 | |
| AMP-RNNpro | 95.58 | 91.22 | 91.12 | 95.58 | 95.58 | 97.65 | 93.85 | < 0.01 | |
|
CKSAA- GP |
EX | 93.18 | 86.56 | 86.35 | 93.18 | 93.18 | 96.40 | 90.50 | < 0.01 |
| RF | 93.37 | 86.97 | 86.72 | 93.37 | 93.37 | 96.90 | 90.41 | < 0.01 | |
| KNN | 89.86 | 80.83 | 79.84 | 89.86 | 89.86 | 97.50 | 83.47 | < 0.01 | |
| XGB | 84.43 | 69.64 | 68.99 | 84.43 | 84.43 | 90.39 | 79.45 | < 0.01 | |
| Voting | 90.49 | 81.61 | 81.04 | 90.49 | 90.49 | 96.05 | 85.85 | < 0.01 | |
| AMP-RNNpro | 93.62 | 87.31 | 87.19 | 93.62 | 93.62 | 95.80 | 91.80 | < 0.01 | |
| DP | EX | 95.19 | 90.58 | 90.36 | 95.19 | 95.19 | 98.50 | 92.42 | < 0.01 |
| RF | 94.83 | 89.77 | 89.62 | 94.83 | 94.83 | 97.50 | 92.59 | < 0.01 | |
| KNN | 92.02 | 84.80 | 84.10 | 92.02 | 92.02 | 98.30 | 86.77 | < 0.01 | |
| XGB | 75.86 | 53.09 | 52.15 | 75.86 | 75.86 | 83.88 | 69.15 | < 0.01 | |
| Voting | 86.62 | 74.18 | 73.38 | 86.62 | 86.62 | 93.39 | 80.95 | < 0.01 | |
| AMP-RNNpro | 95.17 | 90.44 | 90.31 | 95.17 | 95.17 | 97.70 | 93.05 | > 0.01 | |
| GAAC | EX | 89.72 | 79.88 | 79.46 | 89.72 | 89.72 | 94.29 | 85.89 | < 0.01 |
| RF | 89.58 | 79.44 | 79.16 | 89.58 | 89.58 | 93.19 | 86.56 | < 0.01 | |
| KNN | 89.88 | 80.40 | 79.81 | 89.88 | 89.88 | 95.50 | 85.18 | < 0.01 | |
| XGB | 60.25 | 24.68 | 22.67 | 60.25 | 60.25 | 78.63 | 44.87 | < 0.01 | |
| Voting | 88.65 | 78.19 | 77.40 | 88.65 | 88.65 | 95.35 | 83.05 | < 0.01 | |
| AMP-RNNpro | 89.99 | 80.67 | 80.05 | 89.99 | 89.99 | 95.85 | 85.10 | < 0.01 | |
| MORAN | EX | 90.18 | 81.13 | 80.43 | 90.18 | 90.18 | 96.45 | 84.93 | < 0.01 |
| RF | 90.13 | 80.96 | 80.32 | 90.13 | 90.13 | 96.05 | 85.18 | < 0.01 | |
| KNN | 85.16 | 73.55 | 70.80 | 85.16 | 85.16 | 98.80 | 73.75 | < 0.01 | |
| XGB | 70.62 | 44.45 | 42.36 | 70.62 | 70.62 | 84.68 | 58.85 | < 0.01 | |
| Voting | 86.62 | 75.68 | 73.59 | 86.62 | 86.62 | 98.30 | 76.85 | < 0.01 | |
| AMP-RNNpro | 90.18 | 81.02 | 80.41 | 90.18 | 90.18 | 95.95 | 85.35 | < 0.01 | |
| NMBroto | EX | 90.15 | 81.09 | 80.38 | 90.15 | 90.15 | 96.45 | 84.89 | < 0.01 |
| RF | 90.18 | 81.12 | 80.42 | 90.18 | 90.18 | 96.40 | 84.97 | < 0.01 | |
| KNN | 85.39 | 73.68 | 71.22 | 85.39 | 85.39 | 98.25 | 74.63 | < 0.01 | |
| XGB | 69.50 | 42.35 | 40.23 | 69.50 | 69.50 | 84.03 | 57.35 | < 0.01 | |
| Voting | 87.01 | 76.13 | 74.31 | 87.01 | 87.01 | 97.80 | 77.98 | < 0.01 | |
| AMP-RNNpro | 90.04 | 80.67 | 80.13 | 90.04 | 90.04 | 95.45 | 85.52 | < 0.01 | |
| Pse-KRAAC | EX | 82.13 | 65.54 | 64.53 | 82.13 | 82.13 | 90.04 | 75.51 | < 0.01 |
| RF | 82.97 | 66.19 | 65.94 | 82.97 | 82.97 | 86.09 | 80.37 | < 0.01 | |
| KNN | 82.61 | 66.72 | 65.53 | 82.61 | 82.61 | 91.34 | 75.30 | < 0.01 | |
| XGB | 64.33 | 34.68 | 30.97 | 64.33 | 64.33 | 86.39 | 45.88 | < 0.01 | |
| Voting | 81.13 | 63.39 | 62.51 | 81.13 | 81.13 | 88.44 | 75.01 | < 0.01 | |
| AMP-RNNpro | 75.27 | 54.08 | 51.50 | 75.27 | 75.27 | 89.94 | 63.00 | < 0.01 |
Significant values are in bold.