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Exosomes were isolated and identified using TEM, NTA, and WB. (A) Joint synovial fluid samples were obtained from OA (model group) and healthy rats (control group). Exosomes were then collected for analysis. (B) The morphology of exosome-like vesicles was observed using TEM (×100000). (C) The exosome particle size was measured using NTA (nm). (D) WB detected the characteristic markers, CD9, TSG101, and HSP70, of exosomal vesicles.
