Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants with COPD according to DII.
| Variable | Total (N = 1,429) | Q1 (N = 359) [−4.53,0.76] | Q2 (N = 355) [0.76, 2.27] | Q3 (N = 357) [2.27,3.19] | Q4 (N = 358) [3.19, 5.19] | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, n (%) | 0.24 | |||||
| ≥60 | 388 (18.68) | 108 (19.86) | 97 (18.39) | 92 (18.92) | 91 (17.25) | |
| ≥40and<60 | 668 (51.32) | 150 (45.84) | 171 (55.49) | 167 (48.48) | 180 (56.94) | |
| <40 | 373 (29.99) | 101 (34.30) | 87 (26.11) | 98 (32.60) | 87 (25.81) | |
| Gender, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
| Male | 543 (35.69) | 180 (47.03) | 145 (40.71) | 117 (31.08) | 101 (21.51) | |
| Female | 886 (64.31) | 179 (52.97) | 210 (59.29) | 240 (68.92) | 257 (78.49) | |
| Race, n (%) | 0.95 | |||||
| White | 867 (76.58) | 219 (77.25) | 213 (75.83) | 229 (77.76) | 206 (75.16) | |
| Black | 249 (8.87) | 60 (8.18) | 67 (9.85) | 50 (7.70) | 72 (10.04) | |
| Mexican American | 144 (4.18) | 45 (5.29) | 30 (3.73) | 31 (3.83) | 38 (3.72) | |
| Others | 169 (10.37) | 35 (9.28) | 45 (10.59) | 47 (10.70) | 42 (11.08) | |
| Marriage, n (%) | 0.02 | |||||
| Married/Living with partner | 763 (55.87) | 208 (61.11) | 181 (54.86) | 193 (56.26) | 181 (55.05) | |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 429 (27.15) | 87 (20.67) | 117 (31.58) | 100 (25.63) | 125 (34.46) | |
| Never married | 215 (15.06) | 55 (18.22) | 50 (13.56) | 62 (18.12) | 48 (10.49) | |
| Poverty, n (%) | < 0.0001 | |||||
| High (>3.5) | 302 (27.24) | 98 (36.23) | 86 (32.37) | 67 (26.34) | 51 (18.00) | |
| Middle (>1.3and ≤ 3.5) | 501 (36.09) | 140 (44.25) | 122 (36.16) | 128 (36.43) | 111 (34.13) | |
| Low (≤1.3) | 534 (31.64) | 98 (19.52) | 120 (31.48) | 141 (37.23) | 175 (47.87) | |
| Education, n (%) | 0.01 | |||||
| >High school | 656 (49.69) | 188 (57.21) | 159 (49.94) | 156 (44.76) | 153 (46.19) | |
| High school | 350 (27.42) | 90 (28.38) | 81 (24.25) | 98 (32.59) | 81 (23.64) | |
| < High school | 422 (22.79) | 81 (14.42) | 114 (25.81) | 103 (22.65) | 124 (30.17) | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0.89 | |||||
| Yes | 212 (12.00) | 54 (11.58) | 44 (11.07) | 52 (12.12) | 62 (13.50) | |
| No | 1,216 (87.87) | 304 (88.42) | 311 (88.93) | 305 (87.88) | 296 (86.50) | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 0.11 | |||||
| Yes | 728 (45.29) | 173 (40.66) | 195 (49.70) | 185 (49.55) | 175 (41.02) | |
| No | 701 (54.71) | 186 (59.34) | 160 (50.30) | 172 (50.45) | 183 (58.98) | |
| CVD, n (%) | 0.18 | |||||
| Yes | 288 (15.39) | 63 (12.25) | 66 (14.25) | 71 (17.60) | 88 (17.90) | |
| No | 1,141 (84.61) | 296 (87.75) | 289 (85.75) | 286 (82.40) | 270 (82.10) | |
| Sarcopenia, n (%) | 0.02 | |||||
| Yes | 246 (12.72) | 47 (8.17) | 56 (10.86) | 66 (16.15) | 77 (16.32) | |
| No | 1,183 (87.28) | 312 (91.83) | 299 (89.14) | 291 (83.85) | 281 (83.68) | |
| ASMI, Kg/m2, Mean (SD) | 7.40 (0.06) | 7.68 (0.11) | 7.28 (0.10) | 7.40 (0.11) | 7.17 (0.14) | 0.01 |