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. 2024 Jan 16;24(2):0. doi: 10.3390/s24020575

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Schematic for full opto-electrochemical platform including the optical stimulation module and the electrochemical sensing module for cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. As shown in the schematic, the ADC (analog-to-digital converter), DAC (digital-to-analog converter) and opamps (operational amplifier) are embedded components of the PSoC™ 63 chip used in the prototype board for the electrochemical sensing module.